Troides

Troides Hübner, [1819] Birdwings

Troides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 88; TS: Papilio helena Linnaeus
Amphrisius Swainson, 1833; Zool. Illustr. (2) 3 (22): pl. 98
Priamoptera Rippon, [1890]; Icones Ornithopterorum, 1: 4; TS: Ornithoptera croesus Wallace
Pompeoptera Rippon, [1890]; Icones Ornithopterorum, 1: 4; TS: Papilio pompeus Cramer
Phalaenosoma Rippon, [1906]; Icones Ornithopterorum, 2: 121; TS: Troides chimaera Rothschild
Haugumia Page & Treadaway, 2003; in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: ? (1-6); TS: Papilio amphrysus Cramer

Amphrisius; [NHM-BMW]
Phalaenosoma; [NHM-BMW]
Pompeoptera; [NHM-BMW]
Pompeusptera; Rippon, [1890], Icones Ornithopterorum, 1: pl. A (missp.); [NHM-BMW]
Priamoptera; [NHM-BMW]
Priamusptera; Rippon, [1890], Icones Ornithopterorum, 1: pl. 12, pl. 15, pl. A (missp.); [NHM-BMW]
Troides; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 183; [iNaturalist] ; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]
Troides (Troidini); Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 79
Troides (Troiditi); Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 6

The haliphron species-group

Haliphron; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 1

Troides darsius (Gray, [1853])

Ceylon. See [maps]

Papilio darsius Gray, [1853]; Cat. lep. Ins. Coll. Brit. Mus. 1 (Papilionidae): 5; TL: Ceylon
Ornithoptera cambyses Ehrmann, 1904; Ent. News 15 (6): 215; TL: Columbo, Ceylon
f. clementinae Sala, 1992
f. melanie Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004

Ornithoptera darsius; Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 155, pl. 55, f. 1a-b
Troides darsius; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 203; [BOR], 14; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 1, pl. 2-3, f. 1-4; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

Troides vandepolli (Snellen, 1890)

-. See [maps]

Papilio vandepolli Snellen, 1890; Tijdschr. Ent. 33: 22; TL: Preanger Mts, 5000-5500ft

Troides vandepolli; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 205; [BOR], 14; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 1, pl. 8-11; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

T. v. vandepolli W.Java

Troides vandepolli vandepolli; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 1, pl. 8, f. 1-2

T. v. honrathiana (Martin, [1893]) N.Sumatra, C.Sumatra

Ornithoptera honrathiana Martin, [1893]; Berl. Ent. Z. 37 (4): 492

Troides vandepolli honrathiana; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 1, pl. 10-11, f. 1-2
Troides vandepolli honrathianus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 205

T. v. parrottei Deslisle, 1989 S.Sumatra (Mt. Dempo)

Troides vandepolli parrottei; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 1, pl. 9, f. 1-2

Troides criton (C. & R. Felder, 1860)

Bachan, Ternate, Halmahera, Morotai, Obi, Celebes. See [maps]

Ornithoptera criton C. & R. Felder, 1860; Wien. ent. Monats. 4 (8): 225; TL: Batjan
Troides criton ab. bernhardus Fruhstorfer, 1898; Berl. Ent. Zs. 43 (1/2): 194

Troides (Troides) criton; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 81
Troides criton; [BAUR], 70; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 210; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 1, pl. 4-6; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

T. c. criton Morotai I., Ternate, Tidore I., Halmahera, Kasiruta, Sali I., Bacan I.

Troides criton ♀-ab. oberthüri Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 210
Troides criton ♀-ab. felderi Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 210
androgyna (Jordan, 1908) (Papilio); in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 19
Troides criton criton f. neofelderi Haugum & Low, 1983
Troides criton criton f. pseudcriton Haugum & Low, 1983

Troides criton criton; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 1, pl. 4-5, f. 1-3

T. c. critonides (Fruhstorfer, 1903) Obi I.

Ornithoptera criton critonides Fruhstorfer, 1903; Soc. Ent. 18 (7): 49; TL: Obi
clara (Jordan, 1908) (Papilio); in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 19
Troides critonides ♀-f. cinna Fruhstorfer, 1908; Int. ent. Zs. 2 (8): 50; TL: Obi

Troides criton critonides; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 1, pl. 6, f. 1-6

Troides riedeli (Kirsch, 1885) Tanimbar Group

Ornithoptera riedeli Kirsch, 1885; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1885: 275, pl. 19, f. 1; TL: Timor Laut

Ornithoptera riedeli; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1892, Rhop. Exot. [1] 2: (Ornithoptera) 3, pl. 2, f. 1-2
Troides riedeli; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 211; [BAUR], 72; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2, pl. 7, f. 1-3; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

Troides plato (Wallace, 1865)

Timor. See [maps]

Ornithoptera plato Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 40; TL: Timor
chitonia (Jordan, 1908) (Papilio); in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 20
nychonia (Jordan, 1908) (Papilio); in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 21

Troides plato; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 209; [BAUR], 72; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2, pl. 1, f. 1-3; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

Troides haliphron (Boisduval, 1836)

-. See [maps]

Ornithoptera haliphron Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 181; TL: Celebes

Troides (Troides) haliphron; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 81
Troides haliphron; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 206; [BOW]: pl. 136, f. 6, 8; [BOR], 16; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2, pl. 12-18; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

T. h. haliphron SW.Sulawesi

Ornithoptera haliphron var. bauermanni Röber, 1885; Corr.-Bl. Ent. Ver. Iris 1 (2): 19 [♂ only]; TL: Kabia Island

Troides (Troides) haliphron haliphron; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 81
Troides haliphron haliphron; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2, pl. 12-13, f. 1-3
Troides haliphron haliphron ♂-ab. bauermanni; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 206

T. h. naias (Doherty, 1891) Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, Solor, Alor

Ornithoptera naias Doherty, 1891; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 60 Pt.II (2): 193; TL: Sumba
Ornithoptera naias var. sambawana Doherty, 1891; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 60 Pt.II (2): 194; TL: Sambawa
- = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 207
Ornithoptera haliphron antilochus Fruhstorfer, 1913; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 27 (3): 133; TL: Alor
- = ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2
kronos Kobayashi, 1913
- = ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2

Troides haliphron naias; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 207; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2, pl. 15, f. 1-4; [iNaturalist]

T. h. socrates (Staudinger, 1891) Wetar I.

Ornithoptera socrates Staudinger, 1891; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris, 4 (1): 71; TL: Wetter, Sambawa
- = Troides haliphron naias; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 207
pancasila Kobayashi, 1987

Troides haliphron socrates; [BAUR], 72 (text); [iNaturalist]
Troides haliphron f.loc. socrates; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2, pl. 15, f. 2-3
?Papilio socrates; [BOW]: pl. 136, f. 6 (text)

T. h. pallens (Oberthür, 1897) Selayar I.

Ornithoptera haliphron ab. (var.?) pallens Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4: 110; TL: Celebes
Ornithoptera haliphron var. bauermanni Röber, 1885; Corr.-Bl. Ent. Ver. Iris 1 (2): 19 [♀ only]; TL: Kabia Island

Troides (Troides) haliphron pallens; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 81
Troides haliphron pallens; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2, pl. 17, f. 1-3
Troides haliphron ♀-ab. pallens; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 207

T. h. pistor Rothschild, 1896 Tanahjampea, Kalao, Bornate, Kalaota, Karompa, Madu

Troides haliphron pistor Rothschild, 1896; Novit. Zool. 3 (2): 91; TL: Kalao I.; Djampea I.

Troides (Troides) haliphron pistor; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 81
Troides haliphor pistor; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2, pl. 14, f. 1-3

T. h. purabu Kobayashi, 1987 Batuata I.

f. staudiphron Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004
f. pseudostaudingeri Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004
f. schmidti Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004

Troides (Troides) haliphron purabu; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 81
Troides haliphron purabu; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2, pl. 16, f. 1-6

T. h. bellwoni Neukirchen, 1993 Lucipara I.

Troides haliphron bellwoni; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2, pl. 18, f. 1-2

T. h. eleonorae (Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004) Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004 Buton I.

Troides haliphron eleonorae Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 2, pl. 18, f. 3-6

Troides staudingeri (Röber, 1888)

Ornithoptera staudingeri Röber, 1888; Ent. Nachr. 14 (24): 369; TL: Loeang I.

Troides haliphron staudingeri; [BAUR], 72 (text)
Troides staudingeri; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 208; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 3, pl. 19-22; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

T. s. staudingeri Sermata, Luang, Babar

Troides staudingeri staudingeri; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 3, pl. 20, f. 1-4

T. s. iris (Röber, 1888) Leti Group (Leti, Moa, Lakor)

Ornithoptera iris Röber, 1888; Ent. Nachr. 14 (24): 369; TL: Letti
f. trinkai Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004
f. melanie Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004

Troides haliphron iris; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 208; [BAUR], 72
Troides staudingeri iris; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 3, pl. 19, f. 1-5; [iNaturalist]
?Papilio iris; [BOW]: pl. 136, f. 6 (text)

T. s. ariadne Rothschild, 1908 Islands of Romang Strait

Troides haliphron ariadne Rothschild, 1908; Entomologist 41 (536): 2; TL: Roma

Troides ariadne; [iNaturalist]
Troides haliphron ariadne; [BAUR], 72 (text); [iNaturalist]
Troides staudingeri ariadne; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 3, pl. 20, f. 5-6

T. s. heptanonius (Fruhstorfer, 1913) Damar I.

Ornithoptera haliphron heptanonius Fruhstorfer, 1913; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 27 (3): 133; TL: Dammer I.

Troides staudinger heptanonius; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 3, pl. 2, f. 1-3
Troides staudingeri heptanonius; [iNaturalist]

T. s. ikarus Fruhstorfer, 1904 Tanimbar, Selaru, Yamdena, Larat

Troides haliphron ikarus Fruhstorfer, 1904; Insekten-Börse 21 (20): 157; TL: Selaru
Troides haliphron ikarus Fruhstorfer, 1904; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 17 (1): 140; TL: Selaru

Troides haliphron ikarus; [BAUR], 72
Troides ikarus; [iNaturalist]
Troides staudingeri ikarus; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 3, pl. 21, f. 1-4

T. s. rikyu Arima & Morimoto, 1991 Teun, Nila, Serua

Troides staudingeri rikyu; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2004, Butterflies of the world 19: 3, pl. 21, f. 5-6

The helena species-group

Helena; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 1

Troides × celebensis (Wallace, 1865)

-. See [maps]

Ornithoptera helena f. celebensis Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 39; TL: Macassar

Troides (Troides) criton celebensis; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 81 (hybdrid?)
Troides × celebensis; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 1, pl. 1, f. 1-5
Troides oblongomaculatus celebensis; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 214; Rothschild, 1896, Novit. Zool. 3 (1): 63

T. × c. celebensis Sulawesi

Troides haliphron haliphron × helene haphaestus

T. × c. selayarensis Kobayashi & Koiwaya, 1981 Selayar

Troides haliphron pisto × oblongomaculatus thestius

Troides (Troides) criton selayarensis; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 82 (hybrid?)

Troides helena (Linnaeus, 1758)

-. See [maps] Common Birdwing

Papilio helena Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 461
Papilio astenous Fabricius, 1775; Syst. Ent.: 448
- = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 216; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 1
Papilio helicaon Fabricius, 1793
- = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 216; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 1
Amphrisius nymphalides Swainson, 1833; Zool. Illustr. (2) 3 (22): pl. 98; TL: Java
- = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 216; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 1
Ornithoptera helena var. leda Staudinger, 1891; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris, 4 (1): 74; TL: Saleyer
?Troides helena mannus Fruhstorfer, 1908; Int. ent. Zs. 2 (38): 238; TL: Bali

Troides (Troides) helena; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 80
Troides helena; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 216; [BIR], 372; [BOW]: pl. 136, f. 4, 5; [BOR], 18; [MRS], 96; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 1, pl. 2-31; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
Troides nymphalides; [iNaturalist]

T. h. helena Java, Bali

Papilio pompeus Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 39, pl. 25, f. A
- = Troides helena; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 216; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 1
?Papilio pluto C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 291 (nom. nud.?)
Papilio pluto C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 18
Ornithoptera jupiter Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4: 31, pl. 1, f. 1; TL: Java
Ornithoptera heliacon ab. rutilans Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4: 32; TL: Java
- = Troides helena ab. pluto; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 217
Ornithoptera pompeus var. holzi Pagenstecher, 1890; Jahrb. Nassau Ver. Naturk. 43: 99, 108
- = Troides helena ab. pluto; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 217
hycetus Rippon, [1906]; Icones Ornithopterorum, 2: 4, 61, pl. 56, f. 3-4; TL: Java
penetia (Jordan, 1908) (Papilio); in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 23
Troides helena maurus D'Abrera, 1975
- = ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2
albovittata (Roepke, 1935) (Papilio); Rhop. Javanica 12: 13; TL: Java
seriepunctata (Roepke, 1935) (Papilio); Rhop. Javanica 12: 13; TL: Java
alboradians (Rousseau-Decelle, 1947) (Papilio); Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 51 (9): 133
- = f. albovittata; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2
f. neocarolus Haugum & Low, 1985
f. quadriga Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005
f. noirae Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005
f. pseudodarsius Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005
f. brutus Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005

Troides helena helena; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2, pl. 16, f. 1-5, pl. 17, f. 1-6, pl. 18, f. 1-4, pl. 19, f. 1-4; [iNaturalist]
Troides helena ab. jupiter; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 217
Troides helena ab. pluto; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 217

T. h. hephaestus (Felder, 1865) Sulawesi, Salayar, Tukangbesi, Kabaena, Muna, Buton, Banggai

Papilio hephaestus C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 291 (nom. nud.); TL: Celebes
Papilio hephaestus C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 16; TL: Celebes
Ornithoptera leda Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 39; TL: Celebes, Macassar
lygaea (Jordan, 1908) (Papilio); in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 23
f. punctata Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005
f. bruno Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005
f. mars Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005

Troides (Troides) helena hephaestus; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 80
Troides helena hephaestus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 222; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 4, pl. 26, f. 1-3, pl. 27, f. 1-3

T. h. cerberus (C. & R. Felder, 1865) NE.India - Burma, Indo-China, Thailand, Malaya, S.Yunnan

Papilio cerberus C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 19; TL: Khasi Hills
gypsothelia (Jordan, 1908) (Papilio); in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 24
f. seriepuncta Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005
f. punctata Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005

Troides helena cerberus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 219; [BMP]: 60, pl. 1, f. 2, 3; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 1, pl. 2, f. 1-4, pl. 3, f. 1-3; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]

899x762 (~179Kb) ♂ upperside Thailand, Phuket, the Khao Phra Theo National Park, a primary forest at the Ton Sai brook headwaters. 19th February 2009, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

822x830 (~191Kb) ♂ underside Thailand, Phuket, the Khao Phra Theo National Park, a primary forest at the Ton Sai brook headwaters. 19th February 2009, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

1023x870 (~369Kb) ♂ Cambodia, Koh Kong Province, right bank of the Thma Bang River left tributary at the bridge, 7 km SW Thma Bang village, 2nd June 2014, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

T. h. heliconoides (Moore, 1877) Andaman Is.

Ornithoptera heliconoides Moore, 1877; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1877 (3): 592; TL: Andaman Is.
Ornithoptera heliaconoides [= heliconoides] Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 49 Pt.II (4): 237 (emend.?)
- = Troides helena cerberus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 220
- = ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2
rhyparia (Jordan, 1908) (Papilio); in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 24

Troides helena heliconoides; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2, pl. 8, f. 3-4

T. h. nereis (Doherty, 1891) Enggano

Ornithoptera nereis Doherty, 1891; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 60 Pt.II (1): 30; TL: Engano I.

Troides helena nereis; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 218; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2, pl. 15, f. 3-4

T. h. propinquus Rothschild, 1895 Sumba I, Sumbawa I.

Troides helena propinquus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 218; TL: Sambawa I.

Troides helena propinquus; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 3, pl. 21, f. 3-4

T. h. sagittatus (Fruhstorfer, 1896) Lombok

Ornithoptera helena sagittatus Fruhstorfer, 1896; Soc. Ent. 11 (15): 123; TL: Lombok
sciara (Jordan, 1908) (Papilio); in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 23

Ornithoptera helena sagittatus; Fruhstorfer, 1897, Berl. Ent. Zs. 41 (4): 377, pl. 9, f. 1
Troides helena sagittatus; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 3, pl. 30, f. 1-3, pl. 31, f. 1-3

T. h. nereides Fruhstorfer, 1906 Bawean I.

Troides helena nereides Fruhstorfer, 1906; Insekten-Börse 23 (24): 94; TL: Bawean I.

Troides helena nereides; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 3, pl. 22, f. 1-4, pl. 23, f. 1-3

T. h. antileuca Rothschild, 1908 Kangean I.

Troides helena antileuca Rothschild, 1908; Entomologist 41 (536): 3; TL: Kangean Islands

Troides helena antileuca; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 3, pl. 20, f. 3-6

T. h. typhaon Rothschild, 1908 NW.Sumatra

Troides helena typhaon Rothschild, 1908; Entomologist 41 (536): 4; TL: North-east Sumatra
aplotia (Jordan, 1908) (Papilio); in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 24
f. sinepuncta Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005

Troides helena typhaon; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2, pl. 12, f. 1-4, pl. 13, f. 1-3

T. h. neoris Rothschild, 1908 Tukangbesi I., Binongkos I.

Troides helena neoris Rothschild, 1908; Entomologist 41 (536): 3; TL: Binongka, Joekan Bessi Islands, south-east of Celebs

Troides helena neoris; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 4, pl. 29, f. 1-3

T. h. isara Rothschild, 1908 Nias

Troides helena isara Rothschild, 1908; Entomologist 41 (536): 4; TL: Nias

Troides helena isara; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2, pl. 8, f. 5-6, pl. 9, f. 1-3

T. h. mopa Rothschild, 1908 Buton I.

Troides helena mopa Rothschild, 1908; Entomologist 41 (536): 3; TL: Buton, south-east of Celebes
f. mars Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005

Troides helena mopa; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 4, pl. 28, f. 1-3

T. h. spilotia Rothschild, 1908 S.China(Yunnan, Sichuan, Hunan, Heinan, Guangdon, Fujian, Hongkong)

Troides helena spilotia Rothschild, 1908; Entomologist 41 (536): 4; TL: Hainan
Troides helena spilotius Kurosawa, 1966
- = ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2
Troides helena tabuchii Hayami & Kobayashi, 1994
- = ; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2

Troides helena spilotia; [MRS], 96; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2, pl. 6, f. 1-3, pl. 7, f. 1-3

T. h. mosychlus (Fruhstorfer, 1913) N.Borneo, Sabah, Sarawak

Ornithoptera helena mosychlus Fruhstorfer, 1913; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 27 (3): 134; TL: N.Borneo

Troides helena mosychlus; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 3, pl. 24, f. 1-2

T. h. euthycrates (Fruhstorfer, 1913) N.Vietnam

Ornithoptera helena euthycrates Fruhstorfer, 1913; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 27 (3): 134; TL: Tonkin, Than-Moi

Troides helena euthycrates; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 1, pl. 4, f. 1-3, pl. 5, f. 1-3

T. h. ferrari Tytler, 1926 Nicobar Is.

helena ferrari Tytler, 1926; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 31: 248, 249

Troides helena ferrari; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2, pl. 8, f. 1-2

T. h. bunguranensis Ohya, 1982 Natuna Archipelago

Troides helena bunguranensis; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 3, pl. 25, f. 1-2

T. h. hermes Hayami, 1991 Banyak Archipelago

f. reducta Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005

Troides helena hermes; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2, pl. 10, f. 1-3

T. h. venus Hayami, 1991 S.Natuna Arhcipelago, Subi I.

Troides helena venus; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 3, pl. 25, f. 5-6

T. h. rayae Deslisle, 1991 Belitung I.

Troides helena rayae; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 3, pl. 20, f. 1-2

T. h. orientis Parrott, 1991 S.Borneo, Kalimantan

Troides helena orientis; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 3, pl. 24, f. 3-4

T. h. sugimotoi Hanafusa, 1992 Karimata I.

Troides helena sugimotoi; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 3, pl. 25, f. 3-4

T. h. dempoensis Deslisle, 1993 S.Sumatra (Mt. Dempo)

Troides helena dempoensis; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2, pl. 15, f. 1-2

T. h. demeter (Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005) Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005 We I.

Troides helena demeter Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2, pl. 14, f. 1-3

T. h. hypnos (Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005) Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005 W.Sumatra (Simeulue I.)

Troides helena hypnos Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 2, pl. 11, f. 1-4

T. h. hahneli (Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005) Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005 Komodo I.

Troides helena hahneli Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 3, pl. 21, f. 1-2

Troides oblongomaculatus (Goeze, 1779)

-. See [maps]

Papilio oblongomaculatus Goeze, 1779; Ent. Beyträge 3 (1): 44
Papilio amphimedon Cramer, [1779]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): 2, pl. 194, f. A
Papilio (Troides) helena oblongomaculatus ab. sordidus Joicey & Talbot, 1924; Bull. Hill Mus. 1 (3): 565

Papilio (Troides) helena oblongomaculatus; Rothschild, 1915, Novit. Zool. 22 (1): 106
Troides (Troides) oblongomaculatus; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 81
Troides oblongomaculatus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 211; [BOR], 20; [EBW]; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 4, pl. 32-56; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

T. o. oblongomaculatus Boano I., Ceram, Ambon, Haruku I., Saparuea I., Nusa Laut I., Ceram Laut I.

Troides oblongomaculatus asartia Rothschild, 1908; Entomologist 41 (536): 2; TL: Ceram Laut
oblongomaculatus f. linos Haugum & Low, 1981; Monogr. birdwing Butts 1: 30
f. melania Ohya, 1983
f. ohzuoides Ohya, 1983
f. rubescini Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005
f. nigropuncta Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005
f. rusty Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005
f. melanides Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005
f. olympicus Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005

Troides oblongomaculatus oblongomaculatus; [BAUR], 74; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 4, pl. 32, f. 1, pl. 36, f. 2, pl. 37, f. 1

T. o. hanno Fruhstorfer, 1904 Gorong I., Watubela I., Tayandy I.

Troides oblongomaculatus hanno Fruhstorfer, 1904; Ent. Zs. 18 (7): 27; TL: Goram, Banda?

Troides oblongomaculatus hanno; [BAUR], 74 (text); Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 5, pl. 45, f. 1-3; [iNaturalist]

T. o. bouruensis (Wallace, 1865) Buru I., Sula I.

Ornithoptera helena f. bouruensis Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 38; TL: Buru
argidia (Jordan, 1908) (Papilio); in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 22; TL: Buru
f. ohzui Kobayashi & Koiwaya, 1979
Troides oblongomaculatus mangolensis Tsukada & Nishiyama, 1980
- = ; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 81; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 4
f. reducta Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005

Troides (Troides) oblongomaculatus bouruensis; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 81
Troides oblongomaculatus bournensis[sic?]; [BAUR], 74
Troides oblongomaculatus bouruensis; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 214; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 4, pl. 40, f. 1-3, pl. 41, f. 1-3

T. o. papuensis (Wallace, 1865) Papua, New Guinea

Ornithoptera helena f. papuensis Wallace, 1865; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 (1): 38; TL: New Guinea, Salwatty
Ornithoptera papuensis ab. carolus Fruhstorfer, 1898; Ent. Zs. 11 (24): 190
Ornithoptera papuensis ab. carolus Fruhstorfer, 1898; Berl. Ent. Zs. 42 (3/4): 306
Ornithoptera criton var. (ab.?) papuana Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4: 31; TL: Amberlaki
oblongomaculatus papuensis f. biroi Horvath & Mocsary, 1900; Term. Füz. 23: 165
obsoleta (Dufrane, 1930) (Papilio); Lambillionea 30 (2): 20; TL: New Guinea
Ornithoptera helena papuensis ab. ♂ cellanigra Rousseau-Decelle, 1935; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 40 (3): 48; TL: New Guinea

Papilio helena papuensis; Rothschild, 1915, Novit. Zool. 22 (2): 193
Troides oblongomaculatus papuensis; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 214; [BAUR], 76; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 5, pl. 46, f. 1, 3, pl. 49, f. 2, pl. 56, f. 1-2 (gynandomorphs); [iNaturalist]
Troides oblongomaculatus papuensis ♀-ab. papuanus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 215

T. o. thestius (Staudinger, 1896) Selayar I, Tanahjampea I., Buton I., Tugangbesi I.

Ornithoptera helena var. thestius Staudinger, 1896; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 8 (2): 283; TL: Saleyr
?f. bernardus Fruhstorfer, 1908
f. leda Ohya, 1983

Troides (Troides) oblongomaculatus thestius; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 81
Troides oblongomaculatus thestius; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 4, pl. 42, f. 1-3, pl. 43, f. 1-3

T. o. bandensis Pagenstecher, 1904 Banda I.

Troides oblongomaculatus bandensis Pagenstecher, 1904; Ent. Zs. 18 (11): 41; TL: Banda
?Troides oblongomaculatus bandensis Rothschild, 1908; Entomologist 41 (536): 2; TL: Great Banda

Troides oblongomaculatus bandensis; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 5, pl. 44, f. 1-3; [iNaturalist]

T. o. ilonae Schäffler, 1999 Yapen I.

f. obsoleta Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005

Troides oblongomaculatus ilonae; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 5, pl. 50, f. 1-3, pl. 51, f. 1-3

T. o. cyclop (Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005) Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005 Manipa I., Kelang I.

Troides oblongomaculatus cyclop Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005; Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005, Butterflies of the world 21: 4, pl. 52, f. 1-2, pl. 53, f. 1-2, pl. 54, f. 1-2, pl. 55, f. 1-2

The aeacus species-group

Aeacus; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 1

Troides aeacus (C. & R. Felder, 1860)

-. See [maps] Golden Birdwing

Ornithoptera aeacus C. & R. Felder, 1860; Wien. ent. Monats. 4 (8): 225; TL: Khasi Hills

Troides aeacus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 223; [BHR]; [BOR], 24; [MRS], 97; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
Troides aecus[sic]; [BIR], 372

1224x918 (~339Kb) ♂ upperside Cambodia, Kampot Province, River of Kampot at Tek-Chhou Rapids, 21 August 2011, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

1149x876 (~262Kb) ♂ upperside Cambodia, Kampot Province, River of Kampot at Tek-Chhou Rapids, 21 August 2011, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

T. a. aeacus Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, Indo-China - S.China, Malay Peninsula

Orhithoptera rhadamanthus[sic] var. thomsonii Bates, 1875; in Thomson, The Straits of Malacca, ... (Appendix, Diurnal Lepidoptera of Siam): 546; TL: Cambodia
- = Troides aeacus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 223
- = ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 1
Ornithoptera aeacus f. praecox Fruhstorfer, 1913; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 27 (3): 134; TL: Siam; Bangkok
Troides thibeticus Staudinger & Bang-Haas, 1926

Troides aeacus aeacus; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 1; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Troides aeacus thomsonii; [BMP]: 60, pl. 1, f. 4, 5

T. a. formosanus Rothschild, 1899 Taiwan

Troides aeacus formosanus Rothschild, 1899; Novit. Zool. 6 (1): 67; TL: Formosa
Troides aeaeus[sic] kaguya Nakahara & Esaki, 1930; Zephyrus 2 (4): 209 (repl. Troides aeacus formosanus Rothschild, 1899)
- = ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 1
Papilio aeaeus kaguya ab. kurboshi Nomura, 1937; Zephyrus 7: 43

Troides aeacus formosanus; [MRS], 97; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 1, pl. 2; [iNaturalist]
Troides aeacus kaguya; [iNaturalist]

T. a. malaiianus Fruhstorfer, 1902 S.Malay Peninsula

Troides aeacus malaiianus Fruhstorfer, 1902; Soc. Ent. 17 (8): 57

Troides aeacus malaiianus; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 1, pl. 4; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]

T. a. insularis Ney, 1905² NE.Sumatra

Troides aeacus insularis; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 1, pl. 3
Troides insularis; [iNaturalist]

T. a. szechwanus Okano & Okano, 1983 Hainan

Troides aeacus szechwanus; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 1, pl. 5; [iNaturalist]

Troides magellanus (C. & R. Felder, 1862)

-. See [maps]

Ornithopus magellanus C. & R. Felder, 1862; Wien. ent. Monats. 6 (9): 282; TL: ♂ Babuyanes; ♀ Luzon
f. apoensis Okano & Ohkura, 1978
f. leyteanus Okano & Ohkura, 1983

Troides (Haugumia) magellanus; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 6
Troides magellanus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 232; [BOR], 20; [MRS], 100; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 1; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

T. m. magellanus Philippines (Babuyanes Group, Bohol, Calandagan, Camiguin de Mindanao, Camotes, Catanduanes, Cebu, Cuyo, Homonhon, Leyte, Luzon, Marinduque, Mindanao, NE.Minodoro, Panaon, Polillo, Samar)

Troides (Haugumia) magellanus magellanus; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 6, pl. 16, f. 1-3
Troides magellanus magellanus; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 1, pl. 6-12; [iNaturalist]

T. m. sonani (Matsumura, 1931) SE.Formosa

magellanus sonani (Matsumura, 1931) (Papilio); 6000 Illust. Insects Japan.-Empire: 459

Troides magellanus sonani; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 2, pl. 13-15; [iNaturalist]

Troides minos (Cramer, [1779])

India (W.Ghats, S.India). See [maps]

Papilio minos Cramer, [1779]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): 4, pl. 195

Troides minos; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 203; [BOR], 26; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 2, pl. 16-17; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]

Troides rhadamantus (Lucas, 1835)

-. See [maps]

Ornithoptera rhadamantus Lucas, 1835; Hist. nat. Lép. exot.: 5; TL: Philippines
Papilio nephereus Gray, 1856; List Spec. lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. 1: 6; TL: Philippine Is.
- = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 225

Troides (Troides) rhadamantus; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 6
Troides rhadamantus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 224; [BOW]: pl. 136, f. 10; [BOR], 22; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 2, pl. 20-23; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

T. r. rhadamantus Philippines

basilanicus Fruhstorfer, 1908
- = ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 6
?Troides rhadamantus bazilanicus Fruhstorfer, 1908; Int. ent. Zs. 2 (6): 39; TL: Bazilan I.
Papilio rhadamantus hesiodus Fruhstorfer, 1911; Ent. Rundschau 28 (23): 177; TL: Mindoro
- = ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 6
Papilio rhadamantus belzanor Fruhstorfer, 1911; Ent. Rundschau 28 (23): 177; TL: Jolo I.
- = ; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 6

f. belzanor;
f. hesiodus;
Troides (Troides) rhadamantus rhadamantus; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 6, pl. 14, f. 1-4

T. r. plateni (Staudinger, 1888) Philippines (Palawan, Balabac, Dumaran, Busuanga)

Ornithoptera plateni Staudinger, 1888; Corr.-Bl. Ent. Ver. Iris 1 (5): 274; TL: Palawan
f. flavoradiata Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999

Troides (Troides) rhadamantus plateni; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 6, pl. 15, f. 1-3
Troides plateni; [BOR], 22; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 2, pl. 28-32; [CoL]
Troides rhadamanthus plateni; [iNaturalist]
Troides rhadamantus plateni; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 226

Troides dohertyi (Rippon, 1893) Talaut

Orhithoptera (Priamoptera) dohertyi Rippon, 1893; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 11 (64): 295; TL: Talaut I.
Papilio vordermani Snellen, 1894; Tijdschr. Ent. 37: 191; TL: Talaut
- = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 227

Troides (Troides) dohertyi; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 82
Troides dohertyi; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 227; [BOR], 24; [iNaturalist]
Troides rhadamantus dohertyi;

Troides prattorum (Joicey & Talbot, 1922) Buru

Papilio (Troides) prattorum Joicey & Talbot, 1922; Bull. Hill Mus. 1 (2): 360; TL: West Buru, 2000-5000ft
Papilio (Troides) prattorum f. mixtum Joicey & Talbot, 1923; The Entomologist 56: (26-28); TL: Buru

Papilio (Troides) prattorum f. mixtum; Joicey & Talbot, 1924, Bull. Hill Mus. 1 (3): 508
Troides mixtum; [iNaturalist]
Troides prattorum; [BAUR], 76; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 6: 2, pl. 18-19; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

The amphrysus species-group

Amphrysus; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1

Troides amphrysus (Cramer, [1779])

-. See [maps]

Papilio amphrysus Cramer, [1779]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): 43, pl. 219, f. A; TL: Java

Troides (Haugumia) amphrysus; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 6
Troides amphrysus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 228; [BOW]: pl. 136, f. 13 (text); [BOR], 12; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]

995x754 (~52Kb) Tekek/Paya, Tioman, Malaysia, 12-96, Photo © S. Shuichi Haupt
Troides amphrysus det. Mohd. Fairus Jalil

T. a. amphrysus Java, Bali

Ornithoptera amphrysus var. palabuana Fruhstorfer, 1894; Ent. Nachr. 20 (3): 44; TL: Java
Troides amphrysys joanae Parrott, 1991
- = ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1

Troides amphrysus amphrysus; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 1-3, 12; [iNaturalist]
Troides amphrysus ab. palabuanus Fruhstorfer, 1894; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 229

T. a. ruficollis (Butler, 1879) Peninsular Malaya, Thailand, Burma

Ornithoptera ruficollis Butler, 1879; Trans. linn. Soc. Lond. (2) 1 (8): 552; TL: Malacca

Troides amphrysus ruficollis; [BMP]: 60, pl. 1, f. 7-8; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 19; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]

Misidentified/misapplied:

Troides amphrysus flavicollis ab. ruficollis; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 232
- = Troides amphrysus gardineri; Fruhstorfer, 1902, Soc. Ent. 17 (8): 57

T. a. gardineri Fruhstorfer, 1902

Troides amphrysus gardineri Fruhstorfer, 1902; Soc. Ent. 17 (8): 57 (repl. Troides amphrysus flavicollis ab. ruficollis Rothschild, 1895)

T. a. euthydemus (Fruhstorfer, 1913) Sumatra

Ornithoptera amphrysus euthydemus Fruhstorfer, 1913; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 27 (3): 133; TL: Sumatra
Troides amphrysus centralis Deslisle, 1993
- = ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1

Troides amphrysus euthydemus; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 18

T. a. actinotia (Jordan, 1908) S.Borneo

amphrysus actinotia (Jordan, 1908) (Papilio); in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 28

Troides amphrysus actinotia; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 5

T. a. flavicollis (Druce, 1873) N.Borneo

Ornithoptera flavicollis Druce, 1873; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1873 (2): 356; TL: Borneo
?Troides flavicollis ab. nigricollis Fruhstorfer, 1899; Berl. ent. Zs. 43 (3/4): 419; TL: N.Borneo
?Troides flavicollis ab. bruneicollis Fruhstorfer, 1899; Berl. ent. Zs. 43 (3/4): 419; TL: N.Borneo
Ornithoptera olympia Honrath, 1891; Ent. Nachr. 17 (16): 241; TL: S.E. Borneo

Ornithoptera flavicollis var. olympia; Honrath, 1892, Berl. ent. Z. 36 (2): 429, pl. 15, f. 1
Troides amphrysus flavicollis; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 231; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 8-9
Troides amphrysus flavicollis ♀-ab. loc. olympia; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 231

T. a. niasicus (Fruhstorfer, 1898) Nias

Ornithoptera amphrysus niasicus Fruhstorfer, 1898; Ent. Zs. 11 (24): 190
Ornithoptera amphrysus niasicus Fruhstorfer, 1898; Berl. Ent. Zs. 42 (3/4): 306; TL: Nias

Troides amphrysus niasicus; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 16-17

T. a. vistara (Fruhstorfer, 1906) Batu Is.

Ornithoptera amphrysus vistara Fruhstorfer, 1906; Ent Zs. 20 (15): 99, (16):105; TL: Batu I.

Troides amphrysus vistara; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 20-21

T. a. astrea Hayami, 1992 Banyak I.

Troides amphrysus astrea; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 6

T. a. arkumene Hayami, 1994 Tioman

Troides amphrysus arkumene; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1

T. a. chrysomelas Parrott & Schmid, 1984 Natuna

Troides amphrysus chrysomelas Parrott & Schmid, 1984; Can. Ent. 116: (1519-1524); TL: Morotai

Troides amphrysus chrysomelas; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 7; [iNaturalist]

T. a. simeuluensis Ohya, 1985 Simeuluë, Babi I.

Troides amphrysus simeuluensis; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 22

T. a. perintis Kobayashi, 1986 Tambelan Is.

Troides amphrysus perintis; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 15

T. a. kuris Kobayashi & Hayami, 1987 Anambas I.

Troides amphrysus kuris; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 13

T. a. hilbert Hayami, 1992 Karimata

Troides amphrysus hilbert; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 10-11

T. a. merah Kobayashi & Hayami, 1992 Simuk, Batu I.

Troides amphrysus merah; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 14

T. a. zeus Kobayashi & Hayami, 1992 Sipora, Siberut, Mentawai

Troides amphrysus zeus; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, pl. 23

T. a. naokoae (Morita, 1996) Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999 Langkawi

Troides amphrysus naokoae Morita, 1996; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1

T. a. kecilensis (Schäffler, 1999) Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999 P. Laut Kecil

Troides amphrysus kecilensis; [iNaturalist]
Troides amphrysus kecilensis Schäffler, 1999; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 1, 3, pl. 4

Troides andromache (Staudinger, 1892)

Borneo. See [maps]

Orhithoptera andromache Staudinger, 1892; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 5 (2): 393; TL: Mt. Kinabalu?

Troides andromache; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 228; [BOR]: 10; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

T. a. andromache N.Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu)

Troides andromache andromache; [BOR], 10; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2, pl. 24-25

T. a. marapokensis Fruhstorfer, 1899 N.Borneo (Mt. Marapok)

Troides andromache marapokensis Fruhstorfer, 1899; Berl. ent. Zs. 43 (3/4): 419; TL: Labuan, Mt. Marapok

Troides andromache marapokensis; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2, pl. 26; [iNaturalist]

T. a. nishikawai Kobayashi, 1992 W.Borneo (Mt. Saran)

Troides andromache nishikawai; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2, pl. 27

Troides cuneifera (Oberthür, 1879)

-. See [maps]

Ornithoptera amphrisius ab. cuneifera Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4: 110; TL: Java

Troides amphrysus cuneifer[sic, cuneifera]; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 229
Troides cuneifer[sic, cuneifera]; [EBW]
Troides cuneifera; [BOR], 12; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

T. c. cuneifera Java (high elev.)

Papilio (Ornithoptera) ritsemae Snellen, 1889; Notes Leyden Mus. 11: 153; TL: Java, Preanger, Ardjoena, 1500-1800m
- = Troides amphrysus cuneifer; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 229
- = ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2
Ornithoptera ritsemae var. tantalus Ehrmann, 1904; Ent. News 15 (6): 214; TL: Kala Bula Hills, N. Borneo
- = ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2

Troides cuneifera cuneifera; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2, pl. 28-29
Troides tantalus; [iNaturalist]

T. c. sumatranus (Hagen, 1894) Sumatra (high elev.)

Ornithopus ritsemae var. sumatranus Hagen, 1894; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 7 (1): 19; TL: Sumatra

Troides amphrysus sumatranus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 232
Troides cuneifera sumatranus; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2, pl. 31; [iNaturalist]

T. c. paeninsulae (Pendlebury, 1936) Malaya

Papilio paeninsulae Pendlebury, 1936; J. Fed. Malay St. Mus., 18 (1): 178; TL: Bukit Kutu, Selangor, Malaysia

Troides cuneifer paeninsulae; [BMP]: 60, pl. 1, f. 6
Troides cuneifera paeninsulae; (spell.?); Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2, pl. 30; [Yutaka Inayoshi]

Troides miranda (Butler, 1869)

-. See [maps]

Papilio miranda Butler, 1869; Lepid. Exotica (1): 3, pl. 1; TL: Sarawak

Troides miranda; [BOR], 10; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Troides mirandus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 227; [BOW]: pl. 136, f. 11, 13

T. m. miranda N.Borneo

f. nigrosuffusa Haugum & Low, 1893

Troides miranda miranda; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2, pl. 32-35

T. m. neomiranda (Fruhstorfer, 1903) W.Sumatra (mountains)

Ornithoptera miranda neomiranda Fruhstorfer, 1903; Soc. Ent. 18 (8): 57; TL: Sumatra
Ornithoptera zacheri Suffert, 1903; Insekt. Börse 20 (30): 235; TL: Deli, Sumatra
- = ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2
annae Deslisle, 1988²
- = ; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2

Troides miranda neomiranda; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2, pl. 38-40

T. m. hayamii Kobayashi, 1991 SW.Borneo

Troides miranda hayamii; Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, Butterflies of the world 7: 2, pl. 36-37

Subgenus Ripponia Haugum, 1975

Ripponia Haugum, 1975; Ent. Rec. J. Var. 87 (4): 111; TS: Papilio hypolitus Cramer

Ripponia; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]

Troides hypolitus (Cramer, [1775])

Moluccas, Celebes. See [maps]

Papilio hypolitus Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 14, pl. 10, f. A-B, pl. 11, f. A-B; TL: Amboina
?Papilio remus Fabricius, 1777; Genera Insectorum: 250

Troides (Ripponia) hypolitus; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 80
Troides hypolitus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 200; [BOW]: pl. 136, f. 7; [BOR], 8; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]

830x700 (~133Kb) ♂ upperside Indonesia, Photo © D. Smirnov

835x696 (~145Kb) ♂ underside Indonesia, Photo © D. Smirnov

T. h. hypolitus Moluccas

Papilio (Troides) hypolitus hypolitus; Rothschild, 1915, Novit. Zool. 22 (1): 106
Troides hypolitus hypolitus; [BAUR], 70; [iNaturalist]

T. h. antiopa Rothschild, 1908 Morotai

Troides hypolitus antiopa Rothschild, 1908; Entomologist 41 (536): 2; TL: Northern Moluccas, Morty (= Morotai)

Troides hypolitus antiopa; [BAUR], 70 (text)

T. h. cellularis Rothschild, 1895 Sulawesi, Talaus Is., Sanghie, Togian, Buton, Muna, Tuangbesi, Salayar

Troides hypolitus cellularis Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 202 (repl. Papilio remus C. & R. Felder, 1864); TL: Celebes
Papilio remus C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 291, 333 (?preocc. Fabricius, 1777); TL: Celebes
?Ornithoptera hippolytus[sic] var. celebensis Staudinger, 1895; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 7 (2): 342 (?preocc. Wallace, 1865); TL: Celebes

Troides (Ripponia) hypolitus cellularis; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 80
Troides haliphron celebensis; [iNaturalist]
Troides hypolitus cellularis; [iNaturalist]

T. h. sulaensis (Staudinger, 1895) Sula Is.

Ornithoptera hippolytus[sic] var. sulaensis Staudinger, 1895; Dt. Ent. Z. Iris 7 (2): 342; TL: Mangola I., Sulla I.

Troides (Ripponia) hypolitus sulaensis; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 80
Troides hypolitus sulaensis; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 202

T. h. caelicola Haugum & Low, 1982 Banggai

Troides (Ripponia) hypolitus caelicola; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 80

Subgenus Trogonoptera Rippon, [1890]

Trogonoptera Rippon, [1890]; Icones Ornithopterorum, 1: 4; TS: Ornithoptera brookiana Wallace

Trogonoptera; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]
Trogonoptera (Troiditi); Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 5

Troides brookiana (Wallace, 1855)

Malaysia, Borneo, Balabac Islands. See [maps] Raja Brooke's Birdwing

Ornithoptera brookiana Wallace, 1855; Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. (2) 3: 104; TL: Borneo

Ornithoptera brookiana; Hewitson, 1855, Ill. exot. Butts [1] (Ornithoptera and Papilio): [1], pl. [1], f. 1
Trogonoptera brookana brookiana; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 5
Trogonoptera brookiana; [BOW]: pl. 135, f. 19, pl. 136, f. 3; [BOR], 4; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
Trogonoptera brookianus; [EBW]
Troides brookiana; [BMP]: 59
Troides brookianus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 198

755x700 (~111Kb) ♀ upperside Indonesia, Photo © D. Smirnov

750x704 (~118Kb) ♀ underside Indonesia, Photo © D. Smirnov

T. b. brookiana

Ornithoptera brookeana var. eleanor Walker, 1889; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1889 (1): 75

Trogonoptera brookiana brookiana; [iNaturalist]
Troides brookianus brookianus ♀-ab. eleanor; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 199

T. b. albescens Rothschild, 1895 Malaysia

Troides brookianus albescens Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 199; TL: Malay Pen.

Trogonoptera brookiana albescens; ; [iNaturalist]
Troides brookiana albescens; [BMP]: 59, pl. f. 1, 2

T. b. trogon (Vollenhoven, 1860) Sumatra, Malaysia

Papilio trogon Vollenhoven, 1860; Tijdschr. Ent. 3: 69, pl. 6; TL: Sumatra interior
- = Troides brookianus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 198
Trogonoptera brookiana r. mollumar D'Abrera, Dogget & Parker, 1976; Vict. Nat. 93: 22

Trogonoptera brookiana mollumar; [BOR], 4; [iNaturalist]
Trogonoptera brookiana trogon; Eliot, 1959, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 7 (8): 372; [BOR], 4; [iNaturalist]
Troides brookiana trogon; [BMP]: 59, pl. 1, f. 1

T. b. natunensis Rothschild, 1908 Natuna Islands

Troides brookiana natunensis Rothschild, 1908; Entomologist 41 (536): 1; TL: Burguran, Natuna Is.

Troides trojana (Staudinger, 1889)

Philippines (Palawan). See [maps]

Ornithoptera trojana Staudinger, 1889; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 2 (1): 4; TL: Palawan

Trogonoptera trojana; [EBW]; Page & Treadaway, 2003, Butterflies of the world, 17: 5, pl. 13, f. 1-3; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Troides trojanus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 199

Subgenus Ornithoptera Boisduval, 1832

Ornithoptera Boisduval, 1832; in d'Urville, Voy. Astrolabe (Faune ent. Pacif.) 1: 33; TS: Papilio priamus Linnaeus
Ornithopterus Westwood, 1840; Introd. Class. Ins. 2: 348 (emend. Ornithoptera Boisduval, [1832])

Ornithoptera; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]
Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera); Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 1
Ornithoptera (Papilioninae); Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 154
Ornithoptera (Troidini); Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 82
Ornithopterus; [NHM-BMW]

Troides aesacus Ney, 1903 Moluccas (Obi)

aesacus Ney, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20: 36; TL: Obi
Troides (Ornithoptera) obiana Rebel, 1906; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 56: 220; TL: Obi
- = Ornithoptera aesacus; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 1
obiensis (Rippon, [1906]) (Ornithoptera); Icones Ornithopterorum, 2: 119, pl. 9, f. 1-2
- = Ornithoptera aesacus; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 1
f. maculatusaurum Parrott & Deslisle, 1987
f. tenebricosa Parrott & Deslisle, 1987
f. purpurea Sumiyoshi, 1989
f. masaeae Ohya, 1995

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) aesacus; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 1, pl. 1, f. 1-2
Ornithoptera aesacus; [EBW]; [BAUR], 62; Hancock, 1991, Tyô to Ga 42 (1): 21; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

Troides priamus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Moluccas, New Guinea, Solomon Is., N.Australia. See [maps]

Papilio priamus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 458
Papilio archideus Gray, [1853]; Cat. lep. Ins. Coll. Brit. Mus. 1 (Papilionidae): 3
Papilio cronius C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 290, 332
Papilio pegasus C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 290 (nom. nud.); TL: New Guinea
- = Troides priamus poseidon; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 188
Papilio triton C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 290, 332; TL: Rawak
- = Troides priamus poseidon; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 188
Ornithoptera arruana ab. ♀ kirschi Oberthür, 1888; Étud. d'Ent. 12: 1; TL: New Guinea
Troides priamus poseidon ♀-ab. brunneus Rothschild, 1895; Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 189; TL: Fergusson I.
Papilio priamus poseidon ab. boreas Fruhstorfer, 1902; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 14 (2): 349; TL: Hattam
Ornithoptera priamus archideus f. aurago Fruhstorfer, 1913; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 27 (3): 132
Ornithoptera priamus archideus f. nivalis Fruhstorfer, 1913; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 27 (3): 132
Ornithoptera priamus archideus f. lavata Fruhstorfer, 1913; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 27 (3): 132
aureopunctata (Dufrane, 1930) (Papilio); Lambillionea 30 (2): 19; TL: New Guinea
nigropunctata (Dufrane, 1930) (Papilio); Lambillionea 30 (2): 19; TL: New Guinea
paradoxa (Dufrane, 1930) (Papilio); Lambillionea 30 (2): 20; TL: New Guinea
Papilio (Troides) priamus ornata Niepelt, 1934; Int. Ent. Zs. 28 (7): 69; TL: New Guinea
Papilio (Troides) priamus ornata f. obscura Niepelt, 1934; Int. Ent. Zs. 28 (7): 70; TL: New Guinea
Papilio (Troides) priamus ornata f. decora Niepelt, 1934; Int. Ent. Zs. 28 (7): 71; TL: New Guinea
Papilio (Troides) papuensis ab. radiata Niepelt, 1934; Int. Ent. Zs. 28 (7): 71; TL: New Guinea
Papilio priamus poseidon ab. albiplaga Röber, 1937; Festschr. E. Strand 2: 524; TL: Papua
Papilio primaus poseidon ab. priameius Röber, 1937; Festschr. E. Strand 2: 524
akakeoides (Haugum & Low, 1981) (Ornithoptera); Tokurana 2: 6
pseudotroides (Haugum & Low, 1981) (Ornithoptera); Tokurana 2: 6
Ornithoptera flammeus Parrott & Deslisle, 1989
Ornithoptera fuscuocellus Parrott & Deslisle, 1989
Ornithoptera latimarginata Sumiyoshi, 1989
Ornithoptera michikoae Sumiyoshi, 1989
Ornithoptera multicolorei Parrot & Deslisle, 1989
Ornithoptera radialei Parrot & Deslisle, 1989
Ornithoptera radians Parrot & Deslisle, 1989
Ornithoptera titanoides Sumiyoshi, 1989

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 1
Ornithoptera priamus; [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 132, f. 9; [BAUR], 46; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
Troides pegasus; Grose-Smith, 1894, Novit. zool. 1 (2): 331
Troides priamus poseidon ♀-ab. archideus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 190
Troides priamus poseidon ♀-ab. kirschi; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 190 (ab.)
Troides priamus poseidon ♂-ab. cronius; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 189 (ab.)
Troides priamus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 183; Dunn & Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts.:; [Don Herbison-Evans]

T. p. priamus Moluccas (Ambon, Ceram, Haruku, Saparoea)

Papilio panthous Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 461
- = Ornithoptera priamus priamus; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 1
Ornithoptera priamus f. divina Fruhstorfer, 1913; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 27 (3): 131; TL: Amboina
Ornithoptera priamus f. addenda Fruhstorfer, 1913; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 27 (3): 132; TL: Amboina
f. viridocellularis Schäffler, 2001
f. fasciata Schäffler, 2001
f. harukensis Schäffler, 2001
f. pseudobrunneus Schäffler, 2001

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus priamus; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 1

T. p. urvillianus (Guérin-Méneville, 1830) Admiralty Is., Solomon Is., New Ireland, New Hanover D'Urville's Birdwing

Papilio urvillianus Guérin-Méneville, 1830; Voyage Coquille, 2 (2): 273, pl. 13, f. 1-2
Papilio priamus burkei Clark, 1944; Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 57: 95; TL: S. Solomon Is.
- = Ornithoptera priamus urvillianus; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 4
Ornithoptera urvilliana ab. flavomaculata Ribbe, 1898; Soc. Ent. 12 (20): 153
f. viridescens Kaiser, 1917
Ornithoptera priamus urvilleanus[sic] ab. ♂ radiata Rousseau-Decelle, 1935; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 40 (3): 46
Ornithoptera priamus urvilleanus[sic] ab. ♀ fuscapallida Rousseau-Decelle, 1935; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 40 (3): 47

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus urvillianus; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 4
Ornithoptera urvilliana; Boisduval & Guenée, 1836, Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 175, pl. 17, f. 1; [BAUR], 56-59
Ornithoptera urvillianus; [BOW]: pl. 133, f. 2-3
Troides priamus urvillianus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 191

T. p. euphorion (Gray, [1853]) Queensland Cairns Birdwing

Papilio euphorion Gray, [1853]; Cat. lep. Ins. Coll. Brit. Mus. 1 (Papilionidae): 4, pl. 2, f. 3; TL: N.Australia
Ornithoptera cassandra Scott, 1864; Trans. ent. Soc. N.S.W. 1: 131, pl. 10
- = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 186
- = Ornithoptera priamus euphorion; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 2
f. atsukoae (Okano, 1980) (Ornithoptera)
f. kogane (Okano, 1980) (Ornithoptera)
f. aureomacula (Sumiyoshi, 1989) (Ornithoptera)
f. beuriei (Parrot & Deslisle, 1989) (Ornithoptera)
f. supermultispot von Knötgen, 1997

f. cassandra; Haugum & Low, 1979
Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus euphorion; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 2, pl. 12 (gyn.morph)
Ornithoptera euphorion; Hancock, 1991, Tyô to Ga 42 (1): 22; [iNaturalist]
Ornithoptera priamus euphorion; [EBW]; [BAUR], 50, 56
Troides priamus euphorion; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 186

T. p. richmondia (Gray, [1853]) S.Queensland, N.New South Wales Richmond Birdwing

Papilio richmondia Gray, [1853]; Cat. lep. Ins. Coll. Brit. Mus. 1 (Papilionidae): 2, pl. 2, f. 1; TL: N. S. Wales
australis (Swainson, 1851) (Amphrisius)
f. reducta (Haugum & Low, 1979) (Ornithoptera)

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus richmondia; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 2
Ornithoptera priamus richmondia; [EBW]
Ornithoptera richmondia; [BAUR], 52; Hancock, 1991, Tyô to Ga 42 (1): 22; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Troides priamus richmondius; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 187
richmondii[sic, richmondia]; Schneider, 1895
richmundia[sic, richmondia]; Borch & Schmid, 1973

T. p. poseidon (Doubleday, 1847) W.Irian - Papua, Waigeu, Salawati New Guinea Birdwing

Ornithoptera poseidon Doubleday, 1847; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (1) 19 (125): 173; TL: Darnley Island
Ornithoptera archidaeus C. & R. Felder, 1859; Wien. ent. Monats. 3 (9): 264
- = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 188
Ornithoptera arruana var. valentina Vuillot, 1892; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1892: 124; TL: Pt. Moresby
- = ; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 188
- = Ornithoptera priamus poseidon; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3
Ornithoptera priamus eudamidas Fruhstorfer, 1913; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 27 (3): 130; TL: Finschafen
- = Ornithoptera priamus poseidon; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3
Ornithoptera priamus eurysaces Fruhstorfer, 1913; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 27 (3): 131; TL: Milne Bay, New Guinea
- = Ornithoptera priamus poseidon; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3
aureus (Parrott, 1987) (Ornithoptera)
- = Ornithoptera priamus poseidon; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3
sterrensis (Parrott, 1990) (Ornithoptera)
- = Ornithoptera priamus poseidon; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3
f. viridocellularis Schäffler, 2001
f. melaina Schäffler, 2001
f. muckai Schäffler, 2001
f. lemoulti (Dufrane, 1946) (Papilio)
f. beigeli Schäffler, 2001

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus poseidon; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3
Ornithoptera priamus poseidon; [BAUR], 48; [iNaturalist]
Troides priamus poseidon; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 188
eurysaches; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3 (missp.?)

T. p. boisduvalii (Montrouzier, 1856) Woodlark I.

Ornithoptera boisduvali Montrouzier, 1856; Ann. Sci. Phys. Lyon (2) 8: 393; TL: Woodlark I.
Papilio oceanus C. & R. Felder, 1864; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 290, 332; TL: Woodlark I.
- = Troides priamus boisduvali; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 191
- = Ornithoptera priamus boisduvalii; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 4

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus boisduvalii; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 4
Troides priamus boisduvali; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 191

T. p. arruana (C. & R. Felder, 1859) Aru Is.

Ornithoptera arruana C. & R. Felder, 1859; Wien. ent. Monats. 3 (12): 391; TL: Aru Is.
- = Troides priamus poseidon; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (4): 503
Ornithoptera priamus var. arruanus Oberthür, 1879; Étud. d'Ent. 4: 27; TL: New Guinea, Aru I.
- = Troides priamus poseidon; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 188
f. viridocellularis Haugum & Low, 1981
f. chrysophila Rothschild, 1908
Ornithoptera eumaeus Rippon, 1892; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 10 (56): 193
f. eumaeus Rippon, 1908
f. caramalei Parrot & Deslisle, 1989

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus arruana; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3
Ornithoptera priamus arruana; [BAUR], 48 (text); [iNaturalist]
Troides priamus poseidon ♂-ab. eumaeus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 189

T. p. pronomus (Gray, [1853]) N.Queensland

Papilio pronomus Gray, [1853]; Cat. lep. Ins. Coll. Brit. Mus. 1 (Papilionidae): 2, n. 3, pl. 1, f. 1; TL: Cape York?

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus pronomus; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 4
Ornithoptera priamus pronomus; [iNaturalist]

Misidentified/misapplied:

?Orhithoptera priamus var. pronomus (= Troides priamus euphorion); Semper, [1879], J. Mus. Godeffroy 5 (2): 41

T. p. hecuba Röber, 1891 Moluccas (Kai Is., Tayandu I.)

Orthinoptera priamus var. hecuba Röber, 1891; Tijdschr. Ent. 34: 263; TL: Key Is.
Ornithoptera priamus tayandensis von Knötgen, 1997
- = Ornithoptera priamus hecuba; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3
f.loc. albireo Kobayashi & Hayami, 1987; ; TL: ?Kur I.,?Watubela I.
- = Ornithoptera priamus hecuba; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3
f. kibleri Przegendza, 1912
f. virido-cellularis Przegendza, 1912
f. transiens Przegendza, 1912
f. nigra Przegendza, 1912
f. immaculata Przegendza, 1912
f. flavomaculata Przegendza, 1912
f. inaureomaculata Przegendza, 1912
Ornithoptera priamus hecuba f. ind. ♀ arlequina Rousseau-Decelle, 1935; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 40 (3): 48
f. femineus Parrott & Deslisle, 1989
f. cyanoides Haugum & Low, 1979
f. margaretae Bryk, 1918
f. flavescens Hulstaert, 1924

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus hecuba; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3
Ornithoptera priamus albireo; von Knötgen
Ornithoptera priamus hecuba; [BAUR], 48
Troides priamus poseidon ♀-ab. hecuba; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 190

T. p. bornemanni (Pagenstecher, 1894) New Britain, Witu Is.

Ornithoptera pegasus var. bornemanni Pagenstecher, 1894; Jb. Nassau. Ver. Nat. 47: 65, f. 2
f. viridilineata Haugum & Low, 1979

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus bornemanni; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 4
Ornithoptera priamus bornemanni; [BAUR], 52; [iNaturalist]
Troides priamus urvillianus ab.loc. bornemanni; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 192

T. p. miokensis (Ribbe, 1898) Mioko Is.

Ornithoptera urvilliana var. miokensis Ribbe, 1898; Soc. Ent. 12 (20): 153; TL: Mioko
f. icarus Schäffler, 2001

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus miokensis; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 4, pl. 7, f. 1
Ornithoptera priamus miokensis; [BAUR], 54

T. p. caelestis Rothschild, 1898 Louisiad I.

Troides priamus caelestis Rothschild, 1898; Novit. Zool. 5 (2): 216; TL: St. Aignan, Louisiade Archipelago
Ornithoptera priamus coelestis ab. ♂ flavopunctata Rousseau-Decelle, 1935; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 40 (3): 47

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus caelestis; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 4
Ornithoptera caelestis; [BAUR], 54
Ornithoptera priamus caelestis; [EBW]

T. p. demophanes (Fruhstorfer, 1913) Trobriand, D'Enrecasteaux, Fergusson, Kiriwina, Engineer

Ornithoptera priamus demophanes Fruhstorfer, 1913; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 27 (3): 131; TL: Fergusson I.
f.loc. medeia Kobayashi, 1987

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus demophanes; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3
Ornithoptera priamus demophanes; [iNaturalist]

T. p. admiralitatis (Rothschild, 1915) Admiralty Is.

Papilio priamus admiralitatis Rothschild, 1915; Novit. Zool. 22 (2): 192; TL: Manus, Admiralty Islands
f. moinieri Blandin, 1969

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus admiralitatis; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 4
Ornithoptera priamus admiralitatis; [BAUR], 54 (text); [iNaturalist]

T. p. teucrus (Joicey & Talbot, 1916) Biak I.

Papilio (Troides) priamus teucrus Joicey & Talbot, 1916; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1916 (1): 67; TL: Biak I.
f. aurora Ohya, 1999
f. unipunctata (Dufrane, 1946) (Papilio)

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus teucrus; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3
Ornithoptera priamus teucrus; [iNaturalist]

T. p. macalpinei Moulds, 1974 N.Queensland

macalpinei (Moulds, 1974) (Ornithoptera)
- = ?Ornithoptera priamus pronomus;

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus macalpinei; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 2
Ornithoptera priamus macalpinei; [iNaturalist]

T. p. impensus Parrott, 1990² Moluccas (Manipa I.)

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus impensus; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 2

T. p. gebeensis Parrott, 1990² Moluccas (Gebe I.)

latimarginata Sumiyoshi, 1989²
- = Ornithoptera priamus gebeensis; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 2

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus gebeensis; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 2, pl. 6, f. 1-2
Ornithoptera priamus gebeensis; [iNaturalist]

T. p. kasandra Kobayashi, 1994² Yapen I.

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) priamus kasandra; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 3

Troides croesus (Wallace, 1859) Halmahera, Bachan

Ornithoptera croesus Wallace, 1859; Proc. ent. Soc. Lond. (2) 5: 70; TL: Batjan
Ornithoptera croesus ♂ ab. lydioides Fruhstorfer, 1900; Ill. Zs. Ent. 5 (13): 198; TL: Batjan

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) croesus; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 5
Ornithoptera croesus; [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 132, f. 8; [BAUR], 60; Hancock, 1991, Tyô to Ga 42 (1): 22; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 82; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Troides croesus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 192

T. c. croesus

f.loc. wallacei Deslisle, 1991
f. biaureomaculata Schäffler, 2001
f. andreae Schäffler, 2001

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) croesus croesus; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 5

T. c. lydius (Felder & Felder, 1865) Ternate, Tidore

Papilio lydius C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 9, pl. 3, f. a; TL: Halmahera

Ornithoptera croesus lydius; [EBW]; [iNaturalist]
Troides lydius; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 194

T. c. toeantei Parrot & Schmid, 1894²

morotaiensis Sumiyoshi, 1989²
- = Ornithoptera croesus toeantei; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 5
f. carinae Schäffler, 2001

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) croesus toeantei; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 5, pl. 14, pl. 15
Ornithoptera croesus toeantei; [iNaturalist]

T. c. sananaensis Tsukada & Nishiyama, 1980²

Ornithoptera (Ornithoptera) croesus sananaensis; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 5, pl. 13
Ornithoptera croesus sananaensis; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 82

Subgenus Schoenbergia Pagenstecher, 1893

Subgenus Schoenbergia Pagenstecher, 1893 (Ornithoptera); Jb. Nassau. Ver. Nat. 46: 35; TS: Ornithoptera schoenbergi Pagenstecher

Schoenbergia; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]
Schoenbergia (Ornithoptera); Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 6
Schoenburgia; [NHM-BMW]
Schoenburgia[sic, Schoenbergia]; Rippon, [1893-1896], Icones Ornithopterorum, 1: ix (missp.)

The tithonus species-group

Tithonus; Hancock, 1991, Tyô to Ga 42 (1): 20

Troides rothschildi (Kenrick, 1911)

Afrak Mts., West Irian. See [maps] Rothschild's Birdwing

Ornithoptera rothschildi Kenrick, 1911; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1911 (1): 17, pl. 5 ♂, 6 ♀
f. oceanus Schäffler, 2001
f. kenricki Haugum & Low, 1979
f. kirschoides Haugum & Low, 1979
Ornithoptera rothschildi; [BAUR]: 17

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) rothschildi; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 6, pl. 20
Ornithoptera rothschildi; [EBW]; Hancock, 1991, Tyô to Ga 42 (1): 21, 25; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

Troides goliath Oberthür, 1888

Waigeu, New Guinea. See [maps]

Ornithoptera arruana ab. ♀ goliath Oberthür, 1888; Étud. d'Ent. 12: 1

Orhithoptera goliath; Hancock, 1991, Tyô to Ga 42 (1): 20
Ornithophera goliath; Oberthür, 1894, Étud. d'Ent. 19: 1, pl. 4, f. 19
Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) goliath; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 6
Ornithoptera goliath; [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 132, f. 10; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
Troides priamus poseidon ♀-ab. goliath; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 190

T. g. goliath Waigeo, New Guinea, Goodenough Is.

Ornithoptera goliath goliath; [BAUR], 66

T. g. procus Rothschild, 1914 Serang

Troides procus Rothschild, 1914; Novit. Zool. 21 (2): 262; TL: Interior Ceram
f. nigraocellatus Haugum & Low, 1981
f. confluenta Schäffler, 2001
f. albopuncta Ohya, 1983

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergi) goliath procus; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 6, pl. 22
Ornithoptera goliath procus; [BAUR], 66-69
Papilio (Troides) procus; Rothschild, 1915, Novit. Zool. 22 (1): 105

T. g. atlas Rothschild, 1908 Onin Peninsula, Weyland Mts.

Troides goliath atlas Rothschild, 1908; Entomologist 41 (536): 1; TL: Kapaur, Dutch South-west New Guinea
f. albiflora Symiyoshi, 1989

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergi) goliath atlas; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 6
Ornithoptera goliath atlas; [iNaturalist]

T. g. samson (Niepelt, 1913) Afrak Mts., Irian Jaya

goliath samson (Niepelt, 1913) (Ornithoptera)
Ornithoptera joiceyi Noakes & Talbot, 1915; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 15 (85): 59, pl. 4, 5; TL: Angi Lakes, Arfak Mts
- = Ornithoptera goliath samson; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 6

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergi) goliath samson; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 6
Ornithoptera goliath samson; [iNaturalist]

T. g. supremus Röber, 1896 Huon Peninsula, Bismarcks, Goodenough I.

Troides supremus Röber, 1896; Ent. Nachr. 22 (19): 289
elisabethai-reginae Horvath & Mocsary, 1899; Term. Füz. 22: 114
Ornithoptera titan Grose-Smith, 1900; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 6 (34): 388; TL: New Guinea
huebneri (Rumbucher, 1973) (Schoenbergia); Ent. Zs. 83 (1-2): 6; TL: Goodenough I.
kikoriensis (Szent-Ivany, 1974) (Ornithoptera); Pacif. Ins. 16 (4): 433
f. aurifer Haugum & Low, 1979
f. schmidi Haugum & Low, 1979

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergi) goliath supremus; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 6
Ornithoptera goliath supremus; [iNaturalist]
Ornithoptera goliath var. titan; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1901, Rhop. Exot. [1] 3: (Ornithoptera) 7, pl. 4
Troides goliath supremus; Fruhstorfer, 1908, Int. ent. Zs. 2 (8): 50

T. g. ukihidei Hanafusa, 1994² Yapei I.

f. edouardei Deslisle, 1995

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergi) goliath ukihidei; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 6, pl. 23

T. g. sorongensis Morita & Sugiyama, 1998² Sorong

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergi) goliath sorongensis; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 7, pl. 21

Troides chimaera Rothschild, 1904

New Guinea. See [maps]

Troides chimaera Rothschild, 1904; Novit. Zool. 11 (1): 311, pl. 3, f. 25; TL: Owgarra, N of head of Aroa River
?Papilio (Troides) chimaera dracaena Joicey & Talbot, 1916; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 17 (97): 69, pl. 5, f. 1; TL: Wandammen Mtns, New Guinea
?Papilio (Troides) chimaera dracaena Joicey & Talbot, 1922; Bull. Hill Mus. 1 (2): 320

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) chimaera; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 7
Ornithoptera chimaera; [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 132, f. 6; [BAUR], 64; Hancock, 1991, Tyô to Ga 42 (1): 20; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

T. c. chimaera Owen Stanley, Bismarc Range

f. aurata Rousseau-Decelle, 1935; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 40 (3): 45
f. sagnifluens Rousseau-Decelle, 1935; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 40 (3): 45
f. herminea Rousseau-Decelle, 1935; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 40 (3): 46
f. confluenta Haugum & Low, 1979
f. excellens Haugum & Low, 1979

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) chimaera chimaera; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 7

T. c. flavidior Rothschild, 1913 Peninsula Huon

Troides chimaera flavidior Rothschild, 1913; Novit. Zool. 20 (2): 278; TL: Bolauberg, German New Guinea, 1200m
chimaera draco (Rousseau-Decelle, 1935) (Ornithoptera); Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 40 (3): 44
- = Ornithoptera chimaera flavidior; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 7

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) chimaera flavidior; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 7
Ornithoptera chimaera flavidior; [iNaturalist]

T. c. charybdis (van Eecke, 1915) Weyland Mts.

chimaera charybdis (van Eecke, 1915) (Ornithoptera)
f. aurata Rousseau-Decelle, 1935; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 40 (3): 45
f. sagnifluens Rousseau-Decelle, 1935; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 40 (3): 45
f. confluenta Haugum & Low, 1979
f. polyconfluenta Ohya, 1983
f. quinquemaculata Parrott & Deslisle, 1986; Papilio Int. 2 (Suppl.): (147-168)

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) chimaera charybdis; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 7, pl. 24, f. 1-4, pl. 25, f. 1-4

Troides tithonus (de Haan, 1840)

New Guinea. See [maps]

Ornithoptera tithonus de Haan, 1840; Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Overz. Bez. (Zool.): 18; TL: New Guinea

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) tithonus; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 8
Ornithoptera tithonus; Oberthür, 1888, Étud. d'Ent. 12: 1, pl. 3, f. 10; [EBW], (text); Hancock, 1991, Tyô to Ga 42 (1): 21; [BOW]: pl. 132, f. 6 (text); [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
Troides tithonus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 195

T. t. tithonus SW.West Irian

Papilio (Troides) tithonus prominens Joicey & Noakes, 1916; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915 (3-4): 361, pl. 55, f. 1, pl. 56, f. 1; TL: New Guinea
- = Ornithoptera tithonus tithonus; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 8

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) tithonus tithonus; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 8, pl. 34-35
Ornithoptera tithonus tithonus; [BAUR], 64
Papilio (Troides) tithonus tithonus; Rothschild, 1915, Novit. Zool. 22 (1): 105

T. t. waigeuensis Rothschild, 1897 Waigeu I.

Troides tithonus waigeuensis Rothschild, 1897; Novit. Zool. 4 (1): 179; TL: Waigeu

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) tithonus waigeuensis; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 8
Ornithoptera tithonus waigeuensis; [BAUR], 64 (text)

T. t. misresiana (Joicey & Noakes, 1916) Arfak Mts.

Papilio (Troides) tithonus misresiana Joicey & Noakes, 1916; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915 (3-4): 362, pl. 57, f. 1; TL: Mt. Misresi, 3000ft
f. lowi Haugum & Low, 1979
Ornithoptera tithonus misresiana f. ichwani Kobayashi & Koiwaya, 1980; Trans. Himeji nat. Hist. Ass. 1980: (8-21)
f. crepusculum Parrott & Deslisle, 1986; Papilio Int. 2 (Suppl.): (147-168)
f. rubicunda Parrott & Deslisle, 1986; Papilio Int. 2 (Suppl.): (147-168)
f. confluenta von Knötgen, 1997
f. aurata Schäffler, 2001

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) tithonus misresiana; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 9

T. t. cytherea (Kobayashi & Koiwaya, 1980) Enarotali, Wamena, E.Nassau Range

Ornithoptera tithonus cytherea Kobayashi & Koiwaya, 1980; Trans. Himeji nat. Hist. Ass. 1980: (8-21)

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) tithonus cytherea; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 9

T. t. misoolana (Deslisle, 1985) Misool I.

Ornithoptera tithonus misoolana Deslisle, 1985; Can. Ent. 117: (221-225); TL: Misool I.

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) tithonus misoolana; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 8

T. t. makikoae Morita, 1998² Timika

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) tithonus makikoae; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 9, pl. 26-27

T. t. dominici Schäffler, 2001 Mt. Irau, Mt. Kwoka

f.loc. erwini Schäffler, 2001; Butterflies of the world 12: pl. 30-33

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) tithonus dominici; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 8, pl. 28-29

The paradisea species-group

Paradisea; Hancock, 1991, Tyô to Ga 42 (1): 18

Troides arfakensis (Joicey & Noakes, 1916) Arfak Mts.

Papilio (Troides) paradisea arfakensis Joicey & Noakes, 1916; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1915 (3-4): 362, pl. 58, f. 1

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) arfakensis; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 10
Ornithoptera paradisea arfakensis; [BAUR], 62 (text); Hancock, 1991, Tyô to Ga 42 (1): 18 (note); [iNaturalist]

T. a. arfakensis Arfak Mts.

f. confluenta Parrott & Deslisle, 1986; Papilio Int. 2 (Suppl.): (147-168)
f. oculisaureus Parrott & Deslisle, 1986; Papilio Int. 2 (Suppl.): (147-168)

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) arfakensis arfakensis; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 10

T. a. occidentalis Morita, 1998² Sorong

paradisea occidentalis Morita, 1998²

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) arfakensis occidentalis; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 10, pl. 34-347

Troides paradisea (Staudinger, 1893)

New Guinea. See [maps]

Ornithoptera paradisea Staudinger, 1893; Ent. Nachrichten 19 (12): 178; TL: German New Guinea
Ornithoptera schoenbergi Pagenstecher, 1893; Jb. Nassau. Ver. Nat. 46: 29, 83, pl. 2, 3
Ornithoptera paradisea ab. auriflua Fruhstorfer, 1903; Soc. Ent. 18 (7): 49
Troides paradiseus ♀-f. caliginosa Fruhstorfer, 1908; Int. ent. Zs. 2 (8): 50

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) paradisea; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 10
Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) schoenbergi; Pagenstecher, 1893, Jb. Nassau. Ver. Nat. 46: 35
Ornithoptera paradisea; [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 132, f. 13, 14; Hancock, 1991, Tyô to Ga 42 (1): 18; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Troides (Ornithoptera) schönbergi[sic, schoenbergi]; Röber, 1896, Ent. Nachr. 22 (19): 289
Troides paradiseus; Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 196

T. p. paradisea NE.New Guinea

f. aurifluoides Haugum & Low, 1979

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) paradisea paradisea; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 10
Ornithoptera paradisea paradisea; [BAUR], 62; [iNaturalist]

T. p. flavescens Rothschild, 1897 Etna (Kiruri), W.Irian

Troides paradisea flavescens Rothschild, 1897; Novit. Zool. 4 (1): 180; TL: Etna Bay, Dutch New Guinea

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) paradisea flavescens; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 11, pl. 42
Ornithoptera paradisea flavescens; [BAUR], 62 (text)

T. p. borchi (Haugum & Low, 1974) Prince-Alexander Range

paradisea borchi (Haugum & Low, 1974) (Ornithoptera); Ent. Rec. J. Var. 86 (4): 110
f. aurifluoides Haugum & Low, 1979

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) paradisea borchi; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 11

T. p. chrysanthemum (Kobayashi & Koiwaya, 1979) Arfak Mts.

Ornithoptera paradisea chrysanthemum Kobayashi & Koiwaya, 1979; Trans. Himeji nat. Hist. Ass. 1979: (4-12); TL: West Irian
f.loc ornatum Schäffler, 2001; Butterflies of the world 12: 11, pl. 40
f.loc sabinae Schäffler, 2001; Butterflies of the world 12: 12, pl. 41

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) paradisea chrysanthemum; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 11
Ornithoptera paradisea chrysanthemum; [iNaturalist]

T. p. demeter (So & Sato, 1998) Lake Kutubu

Ornithoptera paradisea demeter So & Sato, 1998; Trans. lepid. Soc. Japan 49 (2): 135; TL: Lake Kutubu, Souther Highlands Prov., Papua New Guinea

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) paradisea demeter; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 11, pl. 43

T. p. detanii Schäffler, 2001 Snow Mts.

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) paradisea detanii; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 12, pl. 44-47

Troides meridionalis Rothschild, 1897

New Guinea. See [maps]

Troides paradiseus meridionalis Rothschild, 1897; Novit. Zool. 4 (1): 180; TL: Mailu district, British New Guinea

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) meridionalis; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 12
Ornithoptera meridionalis; [BAUR]: 180; [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 132, f. 15 (text); Hancock, 1991, Tyô to Ga 42 (1): 20; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Schoenbergia meridionalis; Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1900, Rhop. Exot. [1] 3: (Ornithoptera) [5], pl. 3, f. 1-2

T. m. meridionalis

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) meridionalis meridionalis; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 12
Ornithoptera meridionalis meridionalis; [BAUR], 62

T. m. tarunggarensis (Joicey & Talbot, 1927) Wanggar

meridionalis tarunggarensis (Joicey & Talbot, 1927) (Ornithoptera)

Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) meridionalis tarunggarensis; Schäffler, 2001, Butterflies of the world 12: 13
Ornithoptera meridionalis tarunggarensis; [BAUR], 62 (text); [iNaturalist]
Ornithoptera paradisea tarunggarensis; Hancock, 1991, Tyô to Ga 42 (1): 18 (note)

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