INSTALL(8)              NetBSD System Manager's Manual              INSTALL(8)

NAME
     INSTALL -- Installation procedure for NetBSD/landisk.

CONTENTS
     About this Document
     What is NetBSD?
     Changes Between The NetBSD 9 and 10 Releases
     Features to be removed in a later release
     The NetBSD Foundation
     Sources of NetBSD
     NetBSD 10.1 Release Contents
        NetBSD/landisk subdirectory structure
        Binary distribution sets
     NetBSD/landisk System Requirements and Supported Devices
        Supported machines
        Supported devices
     Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media
     Preparing your System for NetBSD installation
     Installing the NetBSD System
     Post installation steps
     Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System
     Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases
     Using online NetBSD documentation
     Administrivia
     Thanks go to
     Legal Mumbo-Jumbo
     The End

DESCRIPTION
   About this Document
     This document describes the installation procedure for
     NetBSD 10.1 on the landisk platform.  It is available in
     four different formats titled INSTALL.ext, where .ext is one
     of .ps, .html, .more, or .txt:

           .ps     PostScript.

           .html   Standard Internet HTML.

           .more   The enhanced text format used on UNIX-like
                   systems by the more(1) and less(1) pager util-
                   ity programs.  This is the format in which the
                   on-line man pages are generally presented.

           .txt    Plain old ASCII.

     You are reading the ASCII version.

   What is NetBSD?
     The NetBSD Operating System is a fully functional open-
     source operating system derived from the University of Cali-
     fornia, Berkeley Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite,
     and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources.  NetBSD runs on many different
     different system architectures (ports) across a variety of
     distinct CPU families, and is being ported to more.  The
     NetBSD 10.1 release contains complete binary releases for
     most of these system architectures, with preliminary support
     for the others included in source form.  For more informa-
     tion please visit https://www.NetBSD.org/.

     NetBSD is a completely integrated system.  In addition to
     its highly portable, high performance kernel, NetBSD fea-
     tures a complete set of user utilities, compilers for sev-
     eral languages, the X Window System, firewall software and
     numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code.

     NetBSD is a creation of the members of the Internet commu-
     nity.  Without the unique cooperation and coordination the
     net makes possible, NetBSD would not exist.

   Changes Between The NetBSD 9 and 10 Releases
     The NetBSD 10.1 release provides many significant changes,
     including support for many new devices, hundreds of bug
     fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and numerous user-
     land enhancements.  The result of these improvements is a
     stable operating system fit for production use that rivals
     most commercially available systems.

     One important new feature in this release is the support for
     extended attributes and access control lists on FFS file
     systems.

     For new installations the installer will by default disable
     these features, so the file system is compatible with older
     NetBSD releases (before 10), and allow other operating sys-
     tems to mount this file systems at least in read-only mode.

     If you want a new installed file system to support extended
     attributes, change the file system type from ``FFSv2'' to
     ``FFSv2ea'' in the partitioning menu.  You can also convert
     file systems later, using the fsck_ffs(8) utility.  More
     details are available in this guide:
           https://wiki.netbsd.org/tutorials/acls_and_extended_attributes_on_ffs.

     If you are upgrading from a version of NetBSD -current
     please also check the Compatibility Issues With Previous
     NetBSD Releases.  It is impossible to completely summarize
     the massive development that went into the NetBSD 10.1
     release.  The complete list of changes can be found in
     CHANGES:
           https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-10.1/CHANGES
     CHANGES-10.1:
           https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-10.1/CHANGES-10.1
     which are also present in the top level directory of the
     NetBSD 10.1 release tree.

   Features to be removed in a later release
     The following features are to be removed from NetBSD in the
     future:

           o   groff(1).  Man pages are now handled with
               mandoc(1), and groff(1) can still be found in
               pkgsrc as textproc/groff.

           o   pf(4).  This packet filter is obsolete and unmain-
               tained in NetBSD.  It will be eventually removed
               due to possible long-standing security issues and
               lack of multiprocessor support.  New installations
               should use npf(7).

   The NetBSD Foundation
     The NetBSD Foundation is a tax exempt, not-for-profit
     501(c)(3) corporation that devotes itself to the traditional
     goals and spirit of the NetBSD Project and owns the trade-
     mark of the word ``NetBSD''.  It supports the design, devel-
     opment, and adoption of NetBSD worldwide.  More information
     on the NetBSD Foundation, its composition, aims, and work
     can be found at:
           https://www.NetBSD.org/foundation/

   Sources of NetBSD
     Refer to mirrors:
           https://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors/

   NetBSD 10.1 Release Contents
     The root directory of the NetBSD 10.1 release is organized
     as follows:

     .../NetBSD-10.1/

     CHANGES       Changes between the 9.0 and 10.0 releases.

     CHANGES-10.0  Changes between the initial 10.0 branch and
                   final release of 10.0.

     CHANGES-10.1  Changes between the 10.0 and the 10.1 release.

     CHANGES.prev  Changes in previous NetBSD releases.

     LAST_MINUTE   Last minute changes and notes about the
                   release.

     README.files  README describing the distribution's contents.

     images/       Images (ISO 9660 or USB) for installing
                   NetBSD.  Depending on your system, these may
                   be bootable.

     source/       Source distribution sets; see below.

     In addition to the files and directories listed above, there
     is one directory per architecture, for each of the architec-
     tures for which NetBSD 10.1 has a binary distribution.

     The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories
     of the source subdirectory of the distribution tree.  They
     contain the complete sources to the system.  The source dis-
     tribution sets are as follows:

     gnusrc    This set contains the ``gnu'' sources, including
               the source for the compiler, assembler, groff, and
               the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution
               sets.

     sharesrc  This set contains the ``share'' sources, which
               include the sources for the man pages not associ-
               ated with any particular program; the sources for
               the typesettable document set; the dictionaries;
               and more.

     src       This set contains all of the base NetBSD 10.1
               sources which are not in gnusrc, sharesrc, or
               syssrc.

     syssrc    This set contains the sources to the NetBSD 10.1
               kernel for all architectures as well as the
               config(1) utility.

     xsrc      This set contains the sources to the X Window Sys-
               tem.

     All the above source sets are located in the source/sets
     subdirectory of the distribution tree.

     The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files.
     Except for the pkgsrc set, which is traditionally unpacked
     into /usr/pkgsrc, all sets may be unpacked into /usr/src
     with the command:
           # cd / ; tar -zxpf set_name.tgz

     In each of the source distribution set directories, there
     are files which contain the checksums of the files in the
     directory:

           MD5     MD5 digests in the format produced by the com-
                   mand:
                   cksum -a MD5 file.

           SHA512  SHA512 digests in the format produced by the
                   command:
                   cksum -a SHA512 file.

     The SHA512 digest is safer, but MD5 checksums are provided
     so that a wider range of operating systems can check the
     integrity of the release files.

     NetBSD/landisk subdirectory structure

     The landisk-specific portion of the NetBSD 10.1 release is
     found in the landisk subdirectory of the distribution:
     .../NetBSD-10.1/landisk/.  It contains the following files
     and directories:

     INSTALL.html
     INSTALL.ps
     INSTALL.txt
     INSTALL.more  Installation notes in various file formats,
                   including this file.  The .more file contains
                   underlined text using the more(1) conventions
                   for indicating italic and bold display.
     binary/
                   kernel/
                            netbsd-GENERIC.gz
                                       A gzipped NetBSD kernel
                                       containing code for every-
                                       thing supported in this
                                       release.
                   sets/    landisk binary distribution sets; see
                            below.
     installation/
                   misc/      Miscellaneous landisk installation
                              utilities; see installation section
                              below.

     Binary distribution sets

     The NetBSD landisk binary distribution sets contain the
     binaries which comprise the NetBSD 10.1 release for landisk.
     The binary distribution sets can be found in the
     landisk/binary/sets subdirectory of the NetBSD 10.1 distri-
     bution tree, and are as follows:

     base     The NetBSD 10.1 landisk base binary distribution.
              You must install this distribution set.  It con-
              tains the base NetBSD utilities that are necessary
              for the system to run and be minimally functional.

     comp     Things needed for compiling programs.  This set
              includes the system include files (/usr/include)
              and the various system libraries (except the shared
              libraries, which are included as part of the base
              set).  This set also includes the manual pages for
              all of the utilities it contains, as well as the
              system call and library manual pages.

     debug    This distribution set contains debug information
              for all base system utilities.  It is useful when
              reporting issues with binaries or during develop-
              ment.  This set is huge, if the target disk is
              small, do not install it.

     etc      This distribution set contains the system configu-
              ration files that reside in /etc and in several
              other places.  This set must be installed if you
              are installing the system from scratch, but should
              not be used if you are upgrading.

     games    This set includes the games and their manual pages.

     kern-GENERIC
              This set contains a NetBSD/landisk 10.1 GENERIC
              kernel, named /netbsd.  You must install this dis-
              tribution set.

     man      This set includes all of the manual pages for the
              binaries and other software contained in the base
              set.  Note that it does not include any of the man-
              ual pages that are included in the other sets.

     misc     This set includes the system dictionaries, the
              typesettable document set, and other files from
              /usr/share.

     modules  This set includes kernel modules to add functional-
              ity to a running system.

     rescue   This set includes the statically linked emergency
              recovery binaries installed in /rescue.

     text     This set includes NetBSD's text processing tools,
              including groff(1), all related programs, and their
              manual pages.

     NetBSD maintains its own set of sources for the X Window
     System in order to assure tight integration and compatibil-
     ity.  These sources are based on X.Org.  Binary sets for the
     X Window System are distributed with NetBSD.  The sets are:

     xbase    The basic files needed for a complete X client
              environment.  This does not include the X servers.

     xcomp    The extra libraries and include files needed to
              compile X source code.

     xdebug   This distribution set contains debug information
              for all X11 binaries.  It is useful when reporting
              issues with these binaries or during development.
              This set is huge, if the target disk is small, do
              not install it.

     xfont    Fonts needed by the X server and by X clients.

     xetc     Configuration files for X which could be locally
              modified.

     xserver  The X server.

     The landisk binary distribution sets are distributed as
     gzipped tar files named with the extension .tgz, e.g.
     base.tgz.

     The instructions given for extracting the source sets work
     equally well for the binary sets, but it is worth noting
     that if you use that method, the filenames stored in the
     sets are relative and therefore the files are extracted
     below the current directory.  Therefore, if you want to
     extract the binaries into your system, i.e.  replace the
     system binaries with them, you have to run the tar -xzpf
     command from the root directory ( / ) of your system.

     Note:  Each directory in the landisk binary distribution
            also has its own checksum files, just as the source
            distribution does.

   NetBSD/landisk System Requirements and Supported Devices
     NetBSD/landisk supports Hitachi SH-4 based machines that use
     SH IPL+g firmware.

     Supported machines

           o   I-O DATA
               -   HDL-U, HDL-AV, HDL-W and HDLM-U series
               -   SuperTank LAN Tank (SOTO-HDLWU)
               -   UHDL-160U and UHDL-300U
               -   USL-5P

           o   Plextor
               -   PX-EH16L, PX-EH25L and PX-EH40L

     I-O DATA HDL-G Giga LANDISK and other newer models are ARM
     based and are supported by NetBSD/evbarm port.

     Supported devices

           o   CPUs
               -   SH-4 SH7751R

           o   Console devices
               -   serial port

     Serial console in NAS appliances from I-O DATA and Plextor
     does not have an external connector.  You will have to buy
     or make yourself a special cable to access it.

     On-board PCI devices and USB attached devices are supported
     by machine-independent drivers.

   Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media
     Installation is supported from several media types, includ-
     ing:

           o   CD-ROM / DVD / USB stick
           o   FTP
           o   Remote NFS partition
           o   Tape
           o   Existing NetBSD partitions, if performing an
               upgrade

     The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for
     installation depend upon which installation medium you
     choose.  The steps for the various media are outlined below.

     CD-ROM / DVD / USB stick  Find out where the distribution
                               set files are on the CD-ROM, DVD
                               or USB stick.  Likely locations
                               are binary/sets and
                               landisk/binary/sets.  (You only
                               need to know this if you are mix-
                               ing installer and installation
                               media from different versions -
                               the installer will know the proper
                               default location for the sets it
                               comes with).

                               Proceed to the instructions on
                               installation.

     FTP                       The preparations for this instal-
                               lation/upgrade method are easy;
                               all you need to do is make sure
                               that there's an FTP site from
                               which you can retrieve the NetBSD
                               distribution when you're about to
                               install or upgrade.  If you don't
                               have DHCP available on your net-
                               work, you will need to know the
                               numeric IP address of that site,
                               and, if it's not on a network
                               directly connected to the machine
                               on which you're installing or
                               upgrading NetBSD, you need to know
                               the numeric IP address of the
                               router closest to the NetBSD
                               machine.  Finally, you need to
                               know the numeric IP address of the
                               NetBSD machine itself.

                               Once you have this information,
                               you can proceed to the next step
                               in the installation or upgrade
                               process.  If you're installing
                               NetBSD from scratch, go to the
                               section on preparing your hard
                               disk, below.  If you're upgrading
                               an existing installation, go
                               directly to the section on upgrad-
                               ing.

     NFS                       Place the NetBSD distribution sets
                               you wish to install into a direc-
                               tory on an NFS server, and make
                               that directory mountable by the
                               machine on which you are
                               installing or upgrading NetBSD.
                               This will probably require modify-
                               ing the /etc/exports file on the
                               NFS server and resetting its mount
                               daemon (mountd).  (Both of these
                               actions will probably require
                               superuser privileges on the
                               server.)

                               You need to know the numeric IP
                               address of the NFS server, and, if
                               you don't have DHCP available on
                               your network and the server is not
                               on a network directly connected to
                               the machine on which you're
                               installing or upgrading NetBSD,
                               you need to know the numeric IP
                               address of the router closest to
                               the NetBSD machine.  Finally, you
                               need to know the numeric IP
                               address of the NetBSD machine
                               itself.

                               Once the NFS server is set up
                               properly and you have the informa-
                               tion mentioned above, you can pro-
                               ceed to the next step in the
                               installation or upgrade process.
                               If you're installing NetBSD from
                               scratch, go to the section on pre-
                               paring your hard disk, below.  If
                               you're upgrading an existing
                               installation, go directly to the
                               section on upgrading.

     Tape                      To install NetBSD from a tape, you
                               need to make a tape that contains
                               the distribution set files, in
                               `tar' format.

                               If you're making the tape on a
                               UNIX-like system, the easiest way
                               to do so is probably something
                               like:

                                     # tar -cf tape_device
                                     dist_sets

                               where tape_device is the name of
                               the tape device that represents
                               the tape drive you're using.  This
                               might be /dev/rst0, or something
                               similar, but it will vary from
                               system to system.  In the above
                               example, dist_sets is a list of
                               filenames corresponding to the
                               distribution sets that you wish to
                               place on the tape.  For instance,
                               to put the kern-GENERIC, base, and
                               etc distributions on tape (the
                               absolute minimum required for
                               installation), you would do the
                               following:

                                     # cd .../NetBSD-10.1
                                     # cd landisk/binary
                                     # tar -cf tape_device
                                     kern-GENERIC.tgz base.tgz
                                     etc.tgz

                               Note:  You still need to fill in
                                      tape_device in the example.

                               Once you have the files on the
                               tape, you can proceed to the next
                               step in the installation or
                               upgrade process.  If you're
                               installing NetBSD from scratch, go
                               to the section on preparing your
                               hard disk, below.  If you're
                               upgrading an existing installa-
                               tion, go directly to the section
                               on upgrading.

   Preparing your System for NetBSD installation
     Landisk NAS appliances come preinstalled with Linux on the
     internal hard disk or, in case of USL-5P that has no dedi-
     cated storage, Compact Flash card.  NetBSD installation will
     erase Linux, so if you want to be able to return to using
     Linux, it's a good idea to make a backup of the Linux
     installation first.

     As SH IPL+g firmware doesn't provide a way to boot off of an
     external media or over network you will have to disassemble
     the machine to take the hard drive out and attach it to some
     other computer to transfer installation kernel or to perform
     an off-line installation directly on another machine.

   Installing the NetBSD System
     Installation mechanism that uses sysinst is yet to be pro-
     vided.

   Post installation steps
     Once you've got the operating system running, there are a
     few things you need to do in order to bring the system into
     a properly configured state.  The most important steps are
     described below.

     1.   Before all else, read postinstall(8).

     2.   Configuring /etc/rc.conf

          If you or the installation software haven't done any
          configuration of /etc/rc.conf (sysinst normally will),
          the system will drop you into single user mode on first
          reboot with the message

                /etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot
                aborted.

          and with the root file system (/) mounted read-only.
          When the system asks you to choose a shell, simply
          press RETURN to get to a /bin/sh prompt.  If you are
          asked for a terminal type, respond with vt220 (or what-
          ever is appropriate for your terminal type) and press
          RETURN.  You may need to type one of the following com-
          mands to get your delete key to work properly, depend-
          ing on your keyboard:
                # stty erase '^h'
                # stty erase '^?'
          At this point, you need to configure at least one file
          in the /etc directory.  You will need to mount your
          root file system read/write with:
                # /sbin/mount -u -w /
          Change to the /etc directory and take a look at the
          /etc/rc.conf file.  Modify it to your tastes, making
          sure that you set rc_configured=YES so that your
          changes will be enabled and a multi-user boot can pro-
          ceed.  Default values for the various programs can be
          found in /etc/defaults/rc.conf, where some in-line doc-
          umentation may be found.  More complete documentation
          can be found in rc.conf(5).

          When you have finished editing /etc/rc.conf, type exit
          at the prompt to leave the single-user shell and con-
          tinue with the multi-user boot.

          Other values that may need to be set in /etc/rc.conf
          for a networked environment are hostname and possibly
          defaultroute.  You may also need to add an ifconfig_int
          for your <int> network interface, along the lines of

                ifconfig_re0="inet 192.0.2.123 netmask
                255.255.255.0"

          or, if you have myname.my.dom in /etc/hosts:

                ifconfig_re0="inet myname.my.dom netmask
                255.255.255.0"

          To enable proper hostname resolution, you will also
          want to add an /etc/resolv.conf file or (if you are
          feeling a little more adventurous) run named(8).  See
          resolv.conf(5) or named(8) for more information.

          Instead of manually configuring networking, DHCP can be
          used by setting dhcpcd=YES in /etc/rc.conf.

     3.   Logging in

          After reboot, you can log in as root at the login
          prompt.  If you didn't set a password in sysinst, there
          is no initial password.  You should create an account
          for yourself (see below) and protect it and the
          ``root'' account with good passwords.  By default, root
          login from the network is disabled (even via ssh(1)).
          One way to become root over the network is to log in as
          a different user that belongs to group ``wheel'' (see
          group(5)) and use su(1) to become root.

     4.   Adding accounts

          Use the useradd(8) command to add accounts to your sys-
          tem.  Do not edit /etc/passwd directly! See vipw(8) and
          pwd_mkdb(8) if you want to edit the password database.

     5.   The X Window System

          If you installed the X Window System, you may want to
          read the chapter about X in the NetBSD Guide:
                https://www.NetBSD.org/docs/guide/en/chap-x.html:

     6.   Installing third-party packages

          If you wish to install any of the software freely
          available for UNIX-like systems you are strongly
          advised to first check the NetBSD package system,
          pkgsrc.  pkgsrc automatically handles any changes nec-
          essary to make the software run on NetBSD.  This
          includes the retrieval and installation of any other
          packages the software may depend upon.

          o   More information on the package system is available
              at
                    https://www.NetBSD.org/docs/software/packages.html

          o   A list of available packages suitable for browsing
              is at
                    https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/current/pkgsrc/README.html

          o   Precompiled binaries can be found at
                    https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/packages/NetBSD/
              usually in the landisk/10.1/All subdir.  If you
              installed pkgin(1) in the sysinst post-installation
              configuration menu, you can use it to automatically
              install binary packages over the network.  Assuming
              that /usr/pkg/etc/pkgin/repositories.conf is cor-
              rectly configured, you can install them with the
              following commands:

              # pkgin install tcsh bash perl apache xfce4 firefox
              ...

              The above command will install the Tenex-csh and
              Bourne Again shells, the Perl programming language,
              Apache web server, Xfce desktop environment and the
              Firefox web browser as well as all the packages
              they depend on.

              If it was not automatically installed, pkgin(1) can
              be installed on a fresh NetBSD system with
              pkg_add(1):

              export PKG_PATH=https://cdn.netbsd.org/pub/pkgsrc/packages/NetBSD/$(uname -p)/$(uname -r | cut -d_ -f1)/All
              pkg_add pkgin

          o   If you wish to use the pkgsrc(7) framework for com-
              piling packages and did not install it from the
              sysinst(8) post-installation configuration menu,
              you can obtain it by retrieving the file
                    https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/stable/pkgsrc.tar.gz.
              It is typically extracted into /usr/pkgsrc (though
              other locations work fine) with the commands:

                    # cd /usr
                    # tar -zxpf pkgsrc.tar.gz

              After extracting, see the doc/pkgsrc.txt file in
              the extraction directory (e.g.,
              /usr/pkgsrc/doc/pkgsrc.txt) for more information.

     7.   Misc

          o   Edit /etc/mail/aliases to forward root mail to the
              right place.  Don't forget to run newaliases(1)
              afterwards.

          o   Edit /etc/rc.local to run any local daemons you
              use.

          o   Many of the /etc files are documented in section 5
              of the manual; so just invoking

                    # man 5 filename

              is likely to give you more information on these
              files.

   Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System
     The easiest way to upgrade to NetBSD 10.1 is with binaries,
     and that is the method documented here.

     To do the upgrade, you must have one form of boot media
     available.  You must also have at least the base and kern
     binary distribution sets available.  Finally, you must have
     sufficient disk space available to install the new binaries.
     Since files already installed on the system are overwritten
     in place, you only need additional free space for files
     which weren't previously installed or to account for growth
     of the sets between releases.

     Since upgrading involves replacing the kernel, boot blocks,
     and most of the system binaries, it has the potential to
     cause data loss.  You are strongly advised to back up any
     important data on the NetBSD partition or on another operat-
     ing system's partition on your disk before beginning the
     upgrade process.

     The upgrade procedure is similar to an installation, but
     without the hard disk partitioning.

     Fetching the binary sets is done in the same manner as the
     installation procedure; refer to the installation part of
     the document for help.  File systems are checked before
     unpacking the sets.

     After a new kernel has been copied to your hard disk, your
     machine is a complete NetBSD 10.1 system.  However, that
     doesn't mean that you're finished with the upgrade process.
     You will probably want to update the set of device nodes you
     have in /dev.  If you've changed the contents of /dev by
     hand, you will need to be careful about this, but if not,
     you can just cd into /dev, and run the command:

           # sh MAKEDEV all

     sysinst will attempt to merge the settings stored in your
     /etc directory with the new version of NetBSD using the
     postinstall(8) utility.  However, postinstall(8) is only
     able to deal with changes that are easily automated.  It is
     recommended that you use the etcupdate(8) tool to merge any
     remaining configuration changes.

   Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases
     Users upgrading from previous versions of NetBSD may wish to
     bear the following problems and compatibility issues in mind
     when upgrading to NetBSD 10.1.

     Note that sysinst will automatically invoke

           postinstall fix
     and thus all issues that are fixed by postinstall by default
     will be handled.

     In NetBSD 9 and earlier, filesystems listed in /etc/fstab
     would be mounted before non-legacy zfs filesystems. Starting
     from NetBSD 10 this order has been reversed.

     If you have ever run a version of NetBSD -current between
     April 18, 2020 and September 23, 2022 (the version numbers
     used in the affected time range are between 9.99.56 and
     9.99.106) your FFS file systems might have broken extended
     attributes stored.

     You should follow this guide:
           https://wiki.netbsd.org/features/UFS2ea/
     before booting the updated system multi-user for the first
     time.

     Note that you do not need to do anything special if you
     never did run any affected kernel, especially if you have
     never run NetBSD -current.

     The display drivers used for modern GPUs and the whole sub-
     system supporting it (DRM/KMS) have been updated to a newer
     version.  Unfortunately not all issues with this have been
     resolved before the NetBSD 10.0 release. You can find a list
     of issues in the Open issues with new DRM/KMS:
           https://wiki.netbsd.org/releng/netbsd-10/
     section of the release engineering wiki page.

     A number of things have been removed from the NetBSD 10.1
     release.  See the ``Components removed from NetBSD'' section
     near the beginning of this document for a list.

   Using online NetBSD documentation
     Documentation is available if you installed the manual dis-
     tribution set.  Traditionally, the ``man pages'' (documenta-
     tion) are denoted by `name(section)'.  Some examples of this
     are

           o   intro(1),
           o   man(1),
           o   apropos(1),
           o   passwd(1), and
           o   passwd(5).

     The section numbers group the topics into several cate-
     gories, but three are of primary interest: user commands are
     in section 1, file formats are in section 5, and administra-
     tive information is in section 8.

     The man command is used to view the documentation on a
     topic, and is started by entering man [section] topic.  The
     brackets [] around the section should not be entered, but
     rather indicate that the section is optional.  If you don't
     ask for a particular section, the topic with the lowest num-
     bered section name will be displayed.  For instance, after
     logging in, enter

           # man passwd

     to read the documentation for passwd(1).  To view the docu-
     mentation for passwd(5), enter

           # man 5 passwd

     instead.

     If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for,
     enter

           # apropos subject-word

     where subject-word is your topic of interest; a list of pos-
     sibly related man pages will be displayed.

   Administrivia
     If you've got something to say, do so!  We'd like your
     input.  There are various mailing lists available via the
     mailing list server at majordomo@NetBSD.org.  See
           https://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/
     for details.

     There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments
     and questions about this release.  Please send comments to:
     netbsd-comments@NetBSD.org.

     To report bugs, use the send-pr(1) command shipped with
     NetBSD, and fill in as much information about the problem as
     you can.  Good bug reports include lots of details.

     Bugs also can be submitted and queried with the web inter-
     face at
           https://www.NetBSD.org/support/send-pr.html

     There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss
     aspects of each port of NetBSD.  Use majordomo to find their
     addresses, or visit
           https://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/

     If you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a
     specific port, you probably should contact the `owner' of
     that port (listed below).

     If you'd like to help with NetBSD, and have an idea as to
     how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to:
     netbsd-users@NetBSD.org.

     As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to
     these mailing lists.  Instead, put the material you would
     have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere, then mail the appro-
     priate list about it.  If you'd rather not do that, mail the
     list saying you'll send the data to those who want it.

   Thanks go to
     o   The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research
         Group, including (but not limited to):

               Keith Bostic
               Ralph Campbell
               Mike Karels
               Marshall Kirk McKusick

         for their work on BSD systems, support, and encourage-
         ment.

     o   The Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. for hosting the
         NetBSD FTP, CVS, AnonCVS, mail, mail archive, GNATS,
         SUP, Rsync and WWW servers.

     o   The Internet Research Institute in Japan for hosting the
         server which runs the CVSweb interface to the NetBSD
         source tree.

     o   The Columbia University Computer Science Department for
         hosting the build cluster.

     o   The many organizations that provide NetBSD mirror sites.

     o   Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage,
         so our hats go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the
         various other people who've had a hand in making CVS a
         useful tool.

     o   We list the individuals and organizations that have made
         donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to support
         NetBSD development, and deserve credit for it at
               https://www.NetBSD.org/donations/
         (If you're not on that list and should be, tell us!  We
         probably were not able to get in touch with you, to ver-
         ify that you wanted to be listed.)

     o   Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and
         tears into developing NetBSD since its inception in Jan-
         uary, 1993.  (Obviously, there are a lot more people who
         deserve thanks here.  If you're one of them, and would
         like to be mentioned, tell us!)

   Legal Mumbo-Jumbo
     All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or regis-
     tered trademarks of their respective owners.

     The following notices are required to satisfy the license
     terms of the software that we have mentioned in this docu-
     ment:

     NetBSD is a registered trademark of The NetBSD Foundation,
     Inc.
     This product includes software developed by the University
     of California, Berkeley and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed by the NetBSD Foun-
     dation.
     This product includes software developed by The NetBSD Foun-
     dation, Inc. and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD
     Project.  See https://www.NetBSD.org/ for information about
     NetBSD.
     This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric
     Young (eay@cryptsoft.com)
     This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric
     Young (eay@mincom.oz.au)
     This product includes software designed by William Allen
     Simpson.
     This product includes software developed at Ludd, University
     of Lulea.
     This product includes software developed at Ludd, University
     of Lulea, Sweden and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed at the Information
     Technology Division, US Naval Research Laboratory.
     This product includes software developed by Aaron Brown and
     Harvard University.
     This product includes software developed by Adam Ciarcinski
     for the NetBSD project.
     This product includes software developed by Adam Glass.
     This product includes software developed by Adam Glass and
     Charles M.  Hannum.
     This product includes software developed by Alex Zepeda.
     This product includes software developed by Alex Zepeda, and
     Colin Wood for the NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Allen Briggs.
     This product includes software developed by Amancio Hasty
     and Roger Hardiman
     This product includes software developed by Ben Gray.
     This product includes software developed by Berkeley Soft-
     ware Design, Inc.
     This product includes software developed by Bill Paul.
     This product includes software developed by Bodo Moeller.
     This product includes software developed by Boris Popov.
     This product includes software developed by Brini.
     This product includes software developed by Bruce M. Simp-
     son.
     This product includes software developed by Causality Lim-
     ited.
     This product includes software developed by Charles Hannum.
     This product includes software developed by Charles M. Han-
     num.
     This product includes software developed by Charles M. Han-
     num, by the University of Vermont and State Agricultural
     College and Garrett A.  Wollman, by William F. Jolitz, and
     by the University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley
     Laboratory, and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed by Christian E.
     Hopps.
     This product includes software developed by Christian E.
     Hopps, Ezra Story, Kari Mettinen, Markus Wild, Lutz Vieweg
     and Michael Teske.
     This product includes software developed by Christopher G.
     Demetriou.
     This product includes software developed by Christopher G.
     Demetriou for the NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Chuck Silvers.
     This product includes software developed by Cisco Systems,
     Inc.
     This product includes software developed by Colin Wood.
     This product includes software developed by Colin Wood for
     the NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Computing Ser-
     vices at Carnegie Mellon University (http://www.cmu.edu/com-
     puting/).
     This product includes software developed by Daan Vreeken.
     This product includes software developed by Daishi Kato
     This product includes software developed by Daniel Widenfalk
     and Michael L. Hitch.
     This product includes software developed by Daniel Widenfalk
     for the NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by David Jones and
     Gordon Ross
     This product includes software developed by David Miller.
     This product includes software developed by Dean Huxley.
     This product includes software developed by Emmanuel Dreyfus
     This product includes software developed by Eric S. Hvozda.
     This product includes software developed by Eric S. Raymond
     This product includes software developed by Eric Young
     (eay@cryptsoft.com)
     This product includes software developed by Eric Young
     (eay@mincom.oz.au)
     This product includes software developed by Ezra Story.
     This product includes software developed by Ezra Story and
     by Kari Mettinen.
     This product includes software developed by Ezra Story, by
     Kari Mettinen and by Bernd Ernesti.
     This product includes software developed by Ezra Story, by
     Kari Mettinen, and Michael Teske.
     This product includes software developed by Ezra Story, by
     Kari Mettinen, Michael Teske and by Bernd Ernesti.
     This product includes software developed by Frank van der
     Linden for the NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Gardner
     Buchanan.
     This product includes software developed by Garrett D'Amore.
     This product includes software developed by Gary Thomas.
     This product includes software developed by Gordon Ross
     This product includes software developed by Harvard Univer-
     sity.
     This product includes software developed by Harvard Univer-
     sity and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed by Hellmuth
     Michaelis and Joerg Wunsch
     This product includes software developed by Henrik Vester-
     gaard Draboel.
     This product includes software developed by Herb Peyerl.
     This product includes software developed by Hidetoshi
     Shimokawa.
     This product includes software developed by Hubert Feyrer
     for the NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Ian W. Dall.
     This product includes software developed by Intel Corpora-
     tion and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed by Internet Initia-
     tive Japan Inc.
     This product includes software developed by Internet
     Research Institute, Inc.
     This product includes software developed by James R. Maynard
     III.
     This product includes software developed by Jared D.
     McNeill.
     This product includes software developed by Jason L. Wright
     This product includes software developed by Jason R. Thorpe
     for And Communications, http://www.and.com/
     This product includes software developed by Joachim Koenig-
     Baltes.
     This product includes software developed by Jochen Pohl for
     The NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Joerg Wunsch
     This product includes software developed by John Birrell.
     This product includes software developed by John P. Wit-
     tkoski.
     This product includes software developed by John Polstra.
     This product includes software developed by Jonathan R.
     Stone for the NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone.
     This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone
     and Jason R. Thorpe for the NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone
     for the NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Julian High-
     field.
     This product includes software developed by K. Kobayashi
     This product includes software developed by K. Kobayashi and
     H. Shimokawa
     This product includes software developed by Kazuhisa
     Shimizu.
     This product includes software developed by Kazuki Sakamoto.
     This product includes software developed by Kenneth Stailey.
     This product includes software developed by Kiyoshi Ikehara.
     This product includes software developed by Klaus Burkert,by
     Bernd Ernesti, by Michael van Elst, and by the University of
     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed by Kyma Systems.
     This product includes software developed by Leo Weppelman
     and Waldi Ravens.
     This product includes software developed by Lloyd Parkes.
     This product includes software developed by Lutz Vieweg.
     This product includes software developed by Marc Horowitz.
     This product includes software developed by Marcus Comstedt.
     This product includes software developed by Mark Brinicombe.
     This product includes software developed by Mark Brinicombe
     for the NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Mark Tinguely
     and Jim Lowe
     This product includes software developed by Markus Wild.
     This product includes software developed by Marshall M. Mid-
     den.
     This product includes software developed by Masanobu Saitoh.
     This product includes software developed by Masaru Oki.
     This product includes software developed by Matt DeBergalis
     This product includes software developed by Matthew Fre-
     dette.
     This product includes software developed by Michael Smith.
     This product includes software developed by Microsoft
     This product includes software developed by Mika Kortelainen
     This product includes software developed by Mike Pritchard.
     This product includes software developed by Mike Pritchard
     and contributors.
     This product includes software developed by Minoura Makoto.
     This product includes software developed by MINOURA Makoto,
     Takuya Harakawa.
     This product includes software developed by Niels Provos.
     This product includes software developed by Niklas Hal-
     lqvist.
     This product includes software developed by Niklas Hal-
     lqvist, Brandon Creighton and Job de Haas.
     This product includes software developed by Paolo Abeni.
     This product includes software developed by Paul Kranenburg.
     This product includes software developed by Paul Mackerras.
     This product includes software developed by Paul Mackerras
     <paulus@samba.org>.
     This product includes software developed by Pedro Roque Mar-
     ques <pedro_m@yahoo.com>
     This product includes software developed by Per Fogelstrom.
     This product includes software developed by Peter Galbavy.
     This product includes software developed by Phase One, Inc.
     This product includes software developed by Philip A. Nel-
     son.
     This product includes software developed by QUALCOMM Incor-
     porated.
     This product includes software developed by Ravikanth.
     This product includes software developed by RiscBSD.
     This product includes software developed by Roar Thronaes.
     This product includes software developed by Rodney W.
     Grimes.
     This product includes software developed by Roger Hardiman
     This product includes software developed by Rolf Grossmann.
     This product includes software developed by Ross Harvey.
     This product includes software developed by Ross Harvey for
     the NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Scott Bartram.
     This product includes software developed by Scott Stevens.
     This product includes software developed by Shingo WATANABE.
     This product includes software developed by Softweyr LLC,
     the University of California, Berkeley, and its contribu-
     tors.
     This product includes software developed by Stephan Thesing.
     This product includes software developed by Steven M.
     Bellovin
     This product includes software developed by Takashi Hamada.
     This product includes software developed by Takumi Nakamura.
     This product includes software developed by Tatoku Ogaito
     for the NetBSD Project.
     This product includes software developed by Tommi Komulainen
     <Tommi.Komulainen@iki.fi>.
     This product includes software developed by TooLs GmbH.
     This product includes software developed by Trimble Naviga-
     tion, Ltd.
     This product includes software developed by Waldi Ravens.
     This product includes software developed by WIDE Project and
     its contributors.
     This product includes software developed by Winning Strate-
     gies, Inc.
     This product includes software developed by Yen Yen Lim and
     North Dakota State University
     This product includes software developed by Zembu Labs, Inc.
     This product includes software developed by the Alice Group.
     This product includes software developed by the Computer
     Systems Engineering Group at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
     This product includes software developed by the Computer
     Systems Laboratory at the University of Utah.
     This product includes software developed by the Harvard Uni-
     versity and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed by the Kungliga
     Tekniska Hoegskolan and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed by the Network
     Research Group at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
     This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL
     Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit.
     (http://www.OpenSSL.org/)
     This product includes software developed by the PocketBSD
     project and its contributors.
     This product includes software developed by the RiscBSD ker-
     nel team
     This product includes software developed by the RiscBSD
     team.
     This product includes software developed by the SMCC Tech-
     nology Development Group at Sun Microsystems, Inc.
     This product includes software developed by the University
     of California, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories.
     This product includes software developed by the University
     of California, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
     This product includes software developed by the University
     of California, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and its contrib-
     utors.
     This product includes software developed by the University
     of Vermont and State Agricultural College and Garrett A.
     Wollman.
     This product includes software developed by the University
     of Vermont and State Agricultural College and Garrett A.
     Wollman, by William F.  Jolitz, and by the University of
     California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, and its
     contributors.
     This product includes software developed by the Urbana-Cham-
     paign Independent Media Center.
     This product includes software developed for the FreeBSD
     project
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD
     Project by Allegro Networks, Inc., and Wasabi Systems, Inc.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD
     Project by Bernd Ernesti.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD
     Project by Christopher G. Demetriou.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD
     Project by Eiji Kawauchi.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD
     Project by Frank van der Linden
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD
     Project by Genetec Corporation.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD
     Project by Jason R. Thorpe.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD
     Project by John M. Vinopal.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD
     Project by Jonathan Stone.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD
     Project by Kyma Systems LLC.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD
     Project by Matthias Drochner.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD
     Project by Perry E. Metzger.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD
     Project by Piermont Information Systems Inc.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD
     Project by Shigeyuki Fukushima.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD
     Project by SUNET, Swedish University Computer Network.
     This product includes software developed for the NetBSD
     Project by Wasabi Systems, Inc.
     This product includes software developed or owned by Caldera
     International, Inc.
     This product includes software developed under OpenBSD by
     Per Fogelstrom.
     This product includes software developed under OpenBSD by
     Per Fogelstrom Opsycon AB for RTMX Inc, North Carolina, USA.
     This software was developed by Holger Veit and Brian Moore
     for use with "386BSD" and similar operating systems.  "Simi-
     lar operating systems" includes mainly non-profit oriented
     systems for research and education, including but not
     restricted to "NetBSD", "FreeBSD", "Mach" (by CMU).
     The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and
     The Open Group, have given us permission to reprint portions
     of their documentation.

     In the following statement, the phrase ``this text'' refers
     to portions of the system documentation.

     Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in
     electronic form in NetBSD, from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004
     Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable
     Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
     Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2004 by the
     Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and
     The Open Group.  In the event of any discrepancy between
     these versions and the original IEEE and The Open Group
     Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is
     the referee document.

     The original Standard can be obtained online at
     http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html.

     This notice shall appear on any product containing this
     material.

     In the following statement, "This software" refers to the
     parallel port driver:
           This software is a component of "386BSD" developed by
           William F. Jolitz, TeleMuse.

     Some files have the following copyright:
           Mach Operating System
           Copyright (c) 1991,1990,1989 Carnegie Mellon Univer-
           sity
           All Rights Reserved.

           Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this
           software and its documentation is hereby granted, pro-
           vided that both the copyright notice and this permis-
           sion notice appear in all copies of the software, de-
           rivative works or modified versions, and any portions
           thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting
           documentation.

           CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN
           ITS CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABIL-
           ITY OF ANY KIND FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING
           FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

           Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to
           return to
           Software Distribution Coordinator  or  Software.Dis-
           tribution@CS.CMU.EDU
           School of Computer Science
           Carnegie Mellon University
           Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890

           any improvements or extensions that they make and
           grant Carnegie the rights to redistribute these
           changes.

     Some files have the following copyright:
           Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 Carnegie-Mellon University.
           All rights reserved.

           Author: Chris G. Demetriou

           Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this
           software and its documentation is hereby granted, pro-
           vided that both the copyright notice and this permis-
           sion notice appear in all copies of the software, de-
           rivative works or modified versions, and any portions
           thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting
           documentation.
           CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN
           ITS "AS IS" CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY
           LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER
           RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

           Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to
           return to
           Software Distribution Coordinator  or  Software.Dis-
           tribution@CS.CMU.EDU
           School of Computer Science
           Carnegie Mellon University
           Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890

           any improvements or extensions that they make and
           grant Carnegie the rights to redistribute these
           changes.

     Some files have the following copyright:
           Copyright 1996 The Board of Trustees of The Leland
           Stanford Junior University. All Rights Reserved.

           Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
           software and its documentation for any purpose and
           without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
           copyright notice appear in all copies.  Stanford Uni-
           versity makes no representations about the suitability
           of this software for any purpose.  It is provided "as
           is" without express or implied warranty.

   The End
NetBSD/landisk 10.1              Dec 17, 2024              NetBSD/landisk 10.1