Pontia

Pontia Fabricius, 1807

Pontia Fabricius, 1807; Mag. f. Insektenk. 6: 283; TS: Papilio daplidice Linnaeus
Mancipium Hübner, [1807]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 1: pl. [141] (rej. name 214, ICZN Op. 137); TS: Papilio hellica Linnaeus
- = Pontia; [NL4A], 114
Synchloe Hübner, [1818]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 1: 26; TS: Papilio callidice Hübner
- = Pontia; [NL4A], 114
Mancipium Stephens, 1827; Ill. Br. Ent. (Haustellata) 1 (1): 22; TS: Papilio daplidice Linnaeus
- = Pontia; [NL4A], 114
Parapieris de Nicéville, 1897; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 66 Pt.II (3): 563; TS: Papilio callidice Hübner
- = Pontia; [NL4A], 114
Leucochloe Röber, 1907; in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde 1: 49; TS: Papilio daplidice Linnaeus
- = Pontia; [NL4A], 114
Pontieuchloia Verity, 1929; Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 98 (3): 347; TS: Papilio chloridice Hübner
Subgenus Sisymbria Grishin, 2021 (Pontia); Taxonomic Rep. 9 (3): 9; TS: Pieris sisymbrii Boisduval

Subgenus Pontieuchloia (Pontia); Zhang, Cong, Shen, Opler & Grishin, 2021, Taxonomic Rep. 9 (3): 9
Leucochloe; [NHM-BMW]
Parapieris; [NHM-BMW]
Pontia (Pontia); [P&N23]
Pontia (Pontieuchloia); [P&N23]
Pontia (Sisymbria); [P&N23]
Pontia; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world 10: 29; [P&N23]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW] ; [NHM-BMW]
Pontia (Pierina); [AfrL]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 183
Pontia (Pierini); [NL4A], 114; [RFEL]; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 27
Pontieuchloia; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]
Sisymbria; [iNaturalist]
Synchloe; [NHM-BMW]

Pontia daplidice (Linnaeus, 1758)

SEU, CEU, NAF, AM, AC, India, Japan. See [maps] Grönfläckig kålfjäril Resedaweißling Sinappiperhonen Bielinek rukiewnik Bath White Senapsfjäril Blanquiverdosa

Papilio daplidice Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 468
Papilio bellidice Brahm, 1804; Ill. Mag. 4: 362
Papilio belemida Hübner, [1836-1838]; Samml. eur. Schmett. [1]: f. 931-932
Pieris daplidice var. albidice Oberthür, 1881; Étud. d'Ent. 6: 47; TL: Constantine and Oran (Algeria)
?Leucochloe daplidice var. jachontovi Krulikowsky, 1908; Soc. Ent. 23 (1): 3; TL: Wiatka; Kasan
Pontia daplidice f. nitida Verity, 1908; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (13-14): 132; TL: Spain, Algeria, Asia Minor
Leucochloe daplidice f. hiberna Chnéour, 1934; Ent. Zs. 48 (6): 42; TL: Tunisia
Pontia daplidice albidice gen. vern. virescentior Rothschild, 1925; Novit. Zool. 32: 198; TL: Algeria

Pieris daplidice; Grum-Grshimailo, 1890, in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 4: 224; [Otakar Kudrna]
Pieris daplidice var. bellidice; Grum-Grshimailo, 1890, in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 4: 224
Pontia daplidice; [SPRK]; [BRU], 162; [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 5, f. 3, 9; [MRS], 260; [BMAT]: 100, pl. 4, f. 16-27; [AfrL]; [RFEL]; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 27; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [MBE] ; [Mario Maier]

500x427 (~42Kb) Tenerife, Los Gigantes, 2/4/97, Photo © Simon Coombes	1000x697 (~77Kb) FINLAND: Ka: Virolahti, Virojoki 671:53, 29.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela	1300x976 (~165Kb) underside Russia, Tatarstan, Varkljed-Bodja (56°13'N 52°49'E), about 20km S of Agriz, 7.8.2004, Photo © Markku Savela
900x1084 (~131Kb) ♂ underside Russia, Tatarstan, Varkljed-Bodja (56°13'N 52°49'E), about 20km S of Agriz, 8.8.2004, Photo © Markku Savela

*nitida*
600x435 (~43Kb) underside Morocco, Djebel Lekst, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Jean Delacre	600x435 (~22Kb) Morocco, Tizi-n-Bachkoum, Anti-Atlas, Photo © Michel Tarrier

P. d. daplidice

Pontia daplidice daplidice; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world 10: 29, pl. 46, f. 17; [AfrL]; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 27; [iNaturalist]

P. d. persica (Bienert, [1870]) Iran

daplidice persica (Bienert, [1870]) (Pieris); Lepid. Erg. Reise Persiens: 26

Pontia daplidice persica; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 27; [iNaturalist]

P. d. moorei (Röber, [1907]) India, Yunnan

Leucochloe daplidice moorei Röber, [1907]; in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde 1: 48; TL: Tibet; Kashmir; Baluchistan

Pontia daplidice moorei; [MRS], 260; Sharma, 2005, J. Lep. Soc. 59 (3): 170
Pontia edusa moorei; [iNaturalist]

P. d. avidia (Fruhstorfer, 1908)

Leucochloe daplidice avidia Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (12): 50; TL: Tsintau

Pontia daplidice avidia; [MRS], 260

P. d. amphimara (Fruhstorfer, 1908) Szetchuan

Leucochloe daplidice amphimara Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (12): 50; TL: Szetchuan

Pontia daplidice amphimara; [MRS], 260

P. d. nubicola (Fruhstorfer, 1908)

Leucochloe daplidice nubicola Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (12): 50; TL: Kashgar

P. d. laenas (Fruhstorfer, 1908) Palestine

Leucochloe daplidice laenas Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ent. Zs. 22 (12): 51; TL: Palestine

P. d. praeclara (Fruhstorfer)

Pontia daplidice praeclara; [MRS], 260

P. d. aethiops (de Joannis & Verity, 1913) Ethiopia (highlands)

Pontia daplidice aethiops; [BAFR], 89; [AfrL]; [iNaturalist]

Pontia edusa (Fabricius, 1777) Temperate Europe, Temperate Siberia

Papilio edusa Fabricius, 1777; Genera Insectorum: 255; TL: "Chilonii (Kiel)"

Pieris edusa; [Otakar Kudrna]
Pontia daplidice edusa; [RFEL]; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 27
Pontia edusa; [BRU], 162; Yakovlev, 2012, Nota lepid. 35 (1): 63; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [MBE] ; [SVF]

872x716 (~114Kb) underside Russia, Moscow area, 11.8.2010 (36°25'E, 56°00'N), Photo © D. Smirnov	600x600 (~60Kb) underside An open pine forest, Akademgorodok [Academy Town], Novosibirsk, West Siberia, Russia. 17th June 1997, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	664x744 (~70Kb) underside A meadow above a high bank of the Novosibirsk water reserve, Akademgorodok [Academy Town], Novosibirsk, West Siberia, Russia. 17th July 1999, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
1181x916 (~297Kb) upperside Russia, West Siberia, Omsk, an Irtysh River left arm within the 30th Anniversary of Victory Park. 19th August 2007, Photo © Oleg Kosterin	1020x841 (~166Kb) Russia, Moscow, 30.7.2010 (37°38'E, 55°72'N), Photo © D. Smirnov

P. e. edusa

Pontia edusa edusa; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world 10: 29, pl. 46, f. 18; [iNaturalist] ; [Heiner Ziegler]

P. e. davendra Hemming, 1934

Leucochloe daplidice orientalis Kardakoff, 1928; Ent. Mitt. 17 (4): 268, pl. 6, f. 9-10 (praeocc.)

Pontia daplidice orientalis; Kudrna, 1974, Atalanta 5: 98
Pontia edusa davendra; [iNaturalist]

Pontia callidice (Hübner, [1799-1800])

Pyrenees, Alps, Asia Minor, Lebnon, Tibet, Himalaya, Mongolia. See [maps] Peak White Alpenweißling Blanquiverdosa alpina

Papilio callidice Hübner, [1799-1800]; Samml. eur. Schmett. [1]: pl. 81, f. 408-409; TL: Swiss Alps

Pieris callidice; [Otakar Kudrna]
Pontia callidice; [H&R], 50; [BRU], 162; [MRS], 260; [BMAT]: 106 (Tunisia 1929); Yakovlev, 2012, Nota lepid. 35 (1): 64; [RFEL]; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 28; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [Heiner Ziegler] ; [MBE] ; [SVF] ; [Mario Maier]
Synchloe callidice; [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 5, f. 7

P. c. callidice

Pontia callidice callidice; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 28

P. c. chrysidice (Herrich-Schäffer, [1844]) Armenian Highland, Talysh, Kopet-Dagh, S.Ghissar

Pieris chrysidice Herrich-Schäffer, [1844]; Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europ. 1 (6): (ii) f. 200-203

Pontia callidice chrysidice; [iNaturalist]

P. c. kalora (Moore, 1865) NW.Himalayas

Pieris kalora Moore, 1865; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 (2): 489, pl. 31, f. 15

Pieris callidice var. kalora; Grum-Grshimailo, 1890, in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 4: 226
Pontia callidice kalora; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 28; [iNaturalist]

P. c. amaryllis Hemming, 1933 Tian-Shan, Ghissar, Darvaz, Alai

Pieris callidice var. orientalis Alphéraky, 1881; Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 16 (3-4): 359 (praeocc.)

Pontia callidice amaryllis; [iNaturalist]

P. c. hinducucica (Verity, 1911) Pamirs

Pieris callidice hinducucica Verity, 1911; Rhopalocera Palaearctica (30-36): 326, (26-29): pl. 52, f. 13
- = Pontia callidice kalora; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 28

P. c. nelsoni Edwards, 1883 Polar Tundra of Siberia, Far East, Kamchatka, Chukot Peninsula

boreoasiatica Kosterin & Gorbunov, 2007
- = ; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 28

Pontia (Pontia) occidentalis nelsoni; [P&N23]
Pontia callidice boreoasiatica; [iNaturalist]
Pontia callidice nelsoni; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 28

1000x667 (~209Kb) A montane tundra at about 1000 m above sea level, the mountains of the Koni Peninsula, Ola District, S Magadan Province, Russia. 23rd July, 1989, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

586x546 (~94Kb) underside A montane tundra at about 1000 m above sea level, the mountains of the Koni Peninsula, Ola District, S Magadan Province, Russia. 23rd July, 1989, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

P. c. hazara (Wyatt, 1961) Afghanistan

Synchloe callidice hazara Wyatt, 1961; J. Lep. Soc. 15 (1): 8; TL: Band-i-Hazarajat, N of Koh-i-Baba Mts, 11400ft, Afghanistan

P. c. halasia Huang & Murayama, 1992 Xinjiang

Pontia callidice halasia Huang & Murayama, 1992; Tyô to Ga 43 (1): 3, f. 12; TL: Halasi, Altai, 1400-1700m

Pontia callidice halasia; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 28

Pontia chloridice (Hübner, [1808-1813])

Balkans, AM, Iraq, Mongolia. See [maps] Stäppsenapsfjäril Small Bath White Arosinappiperhonen

Papilio chloridice Hübner, [1808-1813]; Samml. eur. Schmett. [1]: pl. 141, f. 712-715
Pieris chloridice albidice Staudinger, 1901; Cat. Lep. palaearct. Faunengeb. 1: 12 (preocc.)
Pontia chloridice schahrudensis Koçak, 1980; Nota lepid. 2 (4): 139 (repl. Pieris chloridice albidice Staudinger, 1901)

Pieris chloridice; Grum-Grshimailo, 1890, in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 4: 225; [Otakar Kudrna]
Pontia chloridice; [BRU], 163; [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 5, f. 6; [MRS], 260; Yakovlev, 2012, Nota lepid. 35 (1): 63; Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 27; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [MBE] ; [SVF]

725x985 (~127Kb) ♂ upperside underside Russia: C.Tuva, near Kyzyl tn., Biy-Khem riv., 10-19.05.2002, Vashchenko S. N. leg, Photo © D. Smirnov

500x475 (~49Kb) underside Russia, Siberia, Tyva Republic, Erzin Distr., a dry steppe between the village Erzin and the Tes-Khem River. Erzin, 50o15' N 95o06' E, altitude 1150 m. 16/VII 2000, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

Pontia glauconome (Klug, 1829)

NAF, Mauritania - Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Chad, Socotra I., SW.Arabia, Baluchistan, Karachi, Chitral, Punjab. See [maps] Desert Bath White Desert White

Papilio glauconome Klug, 1829; in Ehrenberg, Symbolae physic., Ins. 1 (fol. h): 12, 7, f. 18-19; TL: Mt. Sinai, Egypt

Pontia glauconome; [BK]; [BRU], 163; [EBW]; [BAFR], 89; [BMAT], 11, pl. 4, f. 9-15; [AfrL]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM]
glauconome; [BIR], 435

P. g. glauconome

Pontia glauconome glauconome; [BK]: 142, pl. 9; [AfrL]; [iNaturalist]

P. g. iranica (Bienert, [1870]) Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan

glauconome iranica Bienert, [1870]; Lepid. Erg. Reise Persiens: 27

Pieris iranica; Grum-Grshimailo, 1890, in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 4: 223
Pontia glauconome iranica; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world 10: 30, pl. 46, f. 19

Pontia helice (Linnaeus, 1764)

-. See [maps] Meadow White

Papilio helice Linnaeus, 1764; Mus. Lud. Ulr.: 243
Papilio hellica Linnaeus, 1767; Syst. Nat. (Edn 12) 1 (2): 760 (unn. emend.)
Papilio raphani Esper, 1783; Die Schmett. Th. I, Bd. 2 (8): 163, pl. 84, f. 3

Papilio raphani; Esper, 1805, Die Schmett., Th I, Suppl. Th. 2 (12): pl. 123, f. 3-4
Pieris daplidice ab. raphani; Grum-Grshimailo, 1890, in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 4:
Pontia helice; [PBSA]; [BK]; [EBW]; [AfrL]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Pontia hellica; [iNaturalist]

1600x1858 (~207Kb) South Africa, Johannesburg, Northcliff Ridge, April 2011, Photo © David Becking

P. h. helice South Africa, E.Rhodesia

Pontia helice helice; [BAFR], 89; [AfrL]; [iNaturalist]

P. h. johnstonii (Crowley, 1887) Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, E.Zaire (Kivu)

Pontia helice johnstoni; [BK]: 142, pl. 9; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world 10: 30, pl. 46, f. 21
Pontia helice johnstonii; [BAFR], 89; [AfrL]; [iNaturalist]

Pontia distorta (Butler, [1886])

N.Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia, NE.Tanzania. See [maps] Small Meadow White

Synchloe distorta Butler, [1886]; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1885 (4): 774, pl. 47, f. 12; TL: Somalia

Pontia distorta; [BAFR], 89; [BK]: 143, pl. 9; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world 10: 30, pl. 46, f. 20; [AfrL]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

Pontia beckerii (Edwards, 1871)

W.USA. See [maps] Becker's White Sagebrush White Great Basin White

Pieris beckerii Edwards, 1871; Butts. N. Amer. 1: 30; TL: Virginia City, Nevada
Pieris beckeri[sic] pseudochloridice McDunnough, 1928; Can. ent. 60 (11): 266; TL: Oliver, British Columbia
- = ; [NL4A], #273; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 184
Ascia beckerii tr.f. gunderi Ingham, 1933; Pan-Pacific Ent. 9 (2): 75; TL: California
- = ; [NL4A], #273

Pieris beckerii; [EBW]
Pontia (Pontieuchloia) beckerii; [P&N23]
Pontia beckeri; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 5
Pontia beckerii; [NACL], #4191; [BOC], 132; [NAB]; [Opler]; [NL4A], #273; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 184; [MPG] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA]
Pontieuchloia beckeri; [BOW]: pl. 17, f. 38

600x724 (~55Kb) USA: Robinson Canyon Rd, (47°01'01N 120°42'41W), Kittitas Co., WA, 26.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela	500x732 (~39Kb) pupa USA: Dry Falls / Sun Lakes State Park, Grant Co., WA, 8.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela	600x686 (~67Kb) ♂ USA: near Coulee City (47°34'07N 119°18'02W), Grant Co., WA, 9.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela
700x771 (~63Kb) upperside USA: Dry Falls / Sun Lakes State Park, Grant Co., WA, 9.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela	600x862 (~73Kb) underside USA: Dry Falls / Sun Lakes State Park, Grant Co., WA, 9.7.2000, Photo © Markku Savela

Pontia sisymbrii (Boisduval, 1852)

W.USA. See [maps] Colorado White California White Spring White

Pieris sisymbrii Boisduval, 1852; Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10 (2): 284; TL: N Fork Feather R. Canyon, Plumas Co., California

Pieris sisymbrii; [EBW]
Pontia (Sisymbria) sisymbrii sisymbrii; [P&N23]
Pontia (Sisymbria) sisymbrii; Zhang, Cong, Shen, Opler & Grishin, 2021, Taxonomic Rep. 9 (3): 9; [P&N23]
Pontia sisymbri; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 5
Pontia sisymbrii; [NACL], #4192; [BOC], 134; [NAB]; [Opler]; [NL4A], #275; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 185; [MPG] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA]

P. s. sisymbrii California, Arizona, ...

Pieris sisymbri[sic] var. flava Edwards, 1883; Butts N. Amer. 2: [68], (Pieris) pl. 1, f. 5 (not Edwards, 1881); TL: California
- = ; [NL4A], #275a; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 185
f. transversa (Barnes & Benjamin, 1926) (Ascia); ; TL: USA(Arizona)
- = ; [NL4A], #275a

Pontia sisymbrii sisymbrii; [NL4A], #275a; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 185; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

P. s. flavitincta (Comstock, 1924) British Columbia

Pieris sisymbrii flavitincta Comstock, 1924; Bull. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. 23 (1): 19, pl. 7, f. 9; TL: Cranbrook, British Columbia

Pontia (Sisymbria) sisymbrii flavitincta; [P&N23]
Pontia sisymbrii flavitincta; [NACL], #4192a; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 185; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

P. s. elivata (Barnes & Benjamin, 1926) Colorado

Ascia sisymbrii r. elivata Barnes & Benjamin, 1926; Bull. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. 25 (3): 88; TL: Glenwood Springs, Colorado

Pontia (Sisymbria) sisymbrii elivata; [P&N23]
Pontia sisymbrii elivata; [NACL], #4192b; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 185; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

P. s. nordini (Johnson, 1977) Nebraska

Pieris sisymbrii nordini Johnson, 1977; J. Lep. Soc. 31 (13): 167; TL: Monroe Canyon, Sioux Co., Nebraska

Pontia (Sisymbria) sisymbrii nordini; [P&N23]
Pontia sisymbrii nordini; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 185; [BOA]

P. s. transversa Holland, 1995 New Mexico, Texas, Mexico (Chihuaca, Sonora), Arizona

Pontia sisymbrii transversa Holland, 1995; J. Lep. Soc. 49 (2): 125, f. 5
Ascia sisymbrii gen.vern. transversa Barnes & Benjamin, 1926; Bull. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. 25 (3): 88; TL: Paradise, Cochise Co., Arizona

Pontia (Sisymbria) sisymbrii transversa; [P&N23]
Pontia sisymbrii transversa; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 185; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

P. s. nigravenosa Austin & Emmel, 1998 Nevada

Pontia sisymbrii nigravenosa Austin & Emmel, 1998; Syst. W. N. Am. Butts. (42): 505; TL: Nevada, Clark Co., Spring Mtns

Pontia (Sisymbria) sisymbrii nigravenosa; [P&N23]
Pontia sisymbrii nigravenosa; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 185; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

P. s. beringiensis Guppy & Kondla, 2001 British Columbia

Pontia sisymbrii beringiensis Guppy & Kondla, 2001; Butts. B.C.: 145; TL: BC, Atlin, 9km N on Atlin Rd at Ruffner Mine Rd

Pontia (Sisymbria) sisymbrii beringiensis; [P&N23]
Pontia sisymbrii beringiensis; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 185; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

Pontia protodice (Boisduval & Le Conte, [1830])

Canada, USA, Guatemala, Mexico. See [maps] Checkered White

Pieris protodice Boisduval & Le Conte, [1830]; Hist. Lép. Am. Sept. (5/6): 45, pl. 17, f. 1-3; TL: ?Georgia, New York; Connecticut
Pieris vernalis Edwards, 1864; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 2 (4): 501; TL: New Jersey
- = ; [NL4A], #274; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 184
Pieris nasturtii Edwards, 1864; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 2 (4): 501; TL: San Francisco
- = ; [NL4A], #274; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 184

Pieris protodice; Godman & Salvin, [1889], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 130; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 724; [EBW]
Pontia (Pontia) protodice; [P&N23]
Pontia protodice vernalis; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 6
Pontia protodice; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 6; [NACL], #4193; [BOC], 135; [NAB]; [Opler]; [NL4A], #274; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 184; [MPG] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA] ; [GALEPS]
Pontieuchloia protodice; [BOW]: pl. 17, f. 39, 40
protodin; Edwards, 1872, (missp.)

1000x1176 (~150Kb) ♂ underside USA: Antelope Island, Great Salt Lake (near ~ 41°02'24"N 112°15'31"W), Davis Co., Utah, 17.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela

900x1126 (~105Kb) ♂ USA: Antelope Island, Great Salt Lake (near ~ 41°02'24"N 112°15'31"W), Davis Co., Utah, 17.8.2005, Photo © Markku Savela

Pontia occidentalis (Reakirt, 1866)

Alaska - W.USA. See [maps] Western White

Pieris occidentalis Reakirt, 1866; Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 6 (1): 133; TL: Virginia City, Storey Co., Nevada

Pontia (Pontia) occidentalis occidentalis; [P&N23]
Pontia (Pontia) occidentalis; [P&N23]
Pontia occidentalis; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 5; [NACL], #4194; [BOC], 136; [NAB]; [Opler]; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 184; [MPG] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA]

identification uncertain 1000x797 (~91Kb) USA: FR3330, Wenatchee National Forest, (47°08N 120°58W), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

identification uncertain 600x673 (~49Kb) USA: FR3330, Wenatchee National Forest, (47°08N 120°58W), Kittitas Co., WA, 29.7.1999, Photo © Markku Savela

P. o. occidentalis Nevada

Pieris calyce Edwards, 1870; Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 3: 189; TL: Nevada
- = ; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 184

Pontia occidentalis calyce; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 5
Pontia occidentalis occidentalis; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 184; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

P. o. nelsoni (Edwards, 1883) Alaska

Pieris nelsoni Edwards, 1883; Butts N. Amer. 2: pl. 1, f. 6-7

Pontia nelsoni; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 5
Pontia occidentalis nelsoni; [NACL], #4194a; Pelham, 2008, J. Res. Lepid. 40: 185; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

Pieris vipasa Moore, 1872; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1872 (2): 565; TL: Derajat, Punjab, NW.India

References:

[AfrL] Mark C. Williams
Checklist of Afrotropical Papilionoidea and Hesperoidea; Compiled by Mark C. Williams, 7th ed. (2008) (April 2007); Afrototropical Butterflies; e-mail: Mark C. Williams
[BAMONA] Opler, Pavulaan, Stanford & Pogue
Butterflies and Moths of North America; Mountain Prairie Information Node
[BCA] electronic
BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA
[BOA] Interactive Listing of American Butterflies
Listado Interactivo de la Mariposas Americanas; Butterflies of America
[BnF]
Gallica / Bibliothèque nationale de France; Annales de la Société entomologique de France; Bulletin de la Sociéte entomologique de France
[CiNii]
http://ci.nii.ac.jp/
[CoL] Catalogue of Life
Bánki, O., Roskov, Y., Döring, M., Ower, G., Hernández Robles, D. R., Plata Corredor, C. A., Stjernegaard Jeppesen, T., Örn, A., Vandepitte, L., Hobern, D., Schalk, P., DeWalt, R. E., Ma, K., Miller, J., Orrell, T., Aalbu, R., Abbott, J., Adlard, R., Aedo, C., et al. (2024). Catalogue of Life Checklist (Version 2024-03-26); https://doi.org/10.48580/dfz8d
[D. Smirnov]
Russia, Moscow; e-mail: D. Smirnov
[David Becking]
South Africa
[ESP] :ESP#c Heppner, 1981
[EVERSMANNIA]
Eversmannia contents
[GALEPS] Moths and Butterflies of Georgia and the Southeastern United States
James K. Adams; Dept. of Natural Science, Dalton State College, Dalton, GA ; http://www.daltonstate.edu/galeps/index.htm
[HBN] Francis Hemming, 1937
HÜBNER, A bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, Vol 1 & 2
[Heiner Ziegler]
Switzerland / Schweiz; www.pieris.ch
[JLS]
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society; the original J. Lep. Soc. articles
[Jean Delacre]
http://homepage.mac.com/jdelacre
[LAMAS-2005] Gerardo Lamas
Entomofauna 26 (6): 57-100; A Bibliography of the Zoological Publications of Hans Fruhstorfer (1886* - 1922+)
[LAMAS-NEO] Gerardo Lamas
Bibliography of butterflies; An Annocated Bibliography of the Neotropical Butterflies and Skipper (Lepididoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea); Revised Electronic Edition (2007)
[LEPIFORUM]
Lepiforum; Bestimmung von Schmetterlingen (Lepidoptera) und ihren Präimaginalstadien
[MBE] Moths and Butteflies of Europe
Paolo Mazzei, Diego Reggianti and Ilaria Pimpinelli; http://www.leps.it/
[MPG]
North American Moth Photographers Group
[Mario Maier]
Europäische Schmetterlinge; e-mail: Mario Maier
[Michel Tarrier]
Michel R. Tarrier; Malaga, Spain; http://www.tarrier.org
[NHM-BMW] Natural History Museum
Butterflies and Moths of the World; Generic Names and their Type-species
[Oleg Kosterin] Institue of Cytology & Genetics
Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk; e-mail: Oleg Kosterin; http://pisum.bionet.nsc.ru/kosterin/
[Opler] Opler & Warren, 2003
Butterflies of North America. 2. Scientific Names List for Butterfly Species of North America, north of Mexico.
[P&N23] Pohl & Nanz, 2023
Annotated Taxonomic Checklist of the Lepidoptera of North America, north of Mexico
[SVF]
Svenska fjärilar; Naturhistoriska riksmuseet; (Sweden)
[Simon Coombes]
1 Park Street, Plymouth, PL3 4BL, UK; 01752 607854; e-mail: Simon Coombes; http://www.butterfly-guide.co.uk
[Yutaka Inayoshi]
A Check List of Butterflies in Indo-China; Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM
[ZOBODAT] Oberösterreichische Landesmuseum
OÖ. Landesmuseum; ZOBODAT - Literatur
[iNaturalist]
iNaturalist
[maps]
Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

Some related literature:

Alphéraky, 1881
Lépidoptères du district de Kouldjà et des montagnes environnantes. (1-3) Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 16 (3-4): 334-435, pl. 14-15 (1881), 17 (1-2): 15-103, pl. 1-3 (1882), 17 (3-4): 156-227, pl. 8-9 (1883)
Austin & Emmel, 1998
New subspecies of butterflies (Lepidoptera) from Nevada and California Syst. W. N. Am. Butts. (42) : 501-522
Barnes & Benjamin, 1926
Notes on diurnal Lepidoptera, with addition and corrections to the recent "List of Diurnal Lepidoptera" Bull. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. 25 (3) : 88-98
Bienert, [1870]
Lepidopterologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Persien in den Jahren 1858 und 1859. Inauguraldissertation Lepid. Erg. Reise Persiens: 56pp
Boisduval, 1852
Lépidoptères de la Californie Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 10 (2) : 275-324
Boisduval & Le Conte, [1830]
Histoire générale et iconographie des lépidoptères et des chenilles de l'Amérique septentrionale Hist. Lép. Am. Sept. (1): 1-16. pl. 1-3 (1829), (2): 17-24, pl. 4-6 (1829), (3/4): 25-40, pl. 7-12 ([1830]), (5/6): 41-56, pl. 13-18 ([1830]), (7/8): 57-80, pl. 19-24 ([1830]), (9/10): 81-100, pl. 25-30 (1833), (11-22): 101-196, pl. 31-65 ([1835]), (23-26): 197-228, pl. 66-78 ([1837])
Butler, [1886]
An account of two collections of Lepidoptera recently received from Somali-land Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1885 (4) : 756-776, pl. 47
[MRS]; Chou, 1994
Monografia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium 1-2 Mon. Rhop. Sinesium : 1-854
Chnéour, 1934
Die Tagfalter von Mittel-Tunis Ent. Zs. 48 (5): 36-37, (6): 41-46
Comstock, 1924
Butterflies of California Bull. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. 23 (1): 18-20, pl. 7, (2): 53, (4): 124-125, (5): 157, pl. 8, (6): 177-178
[BAFR]; D'Abrera, 1980
Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region: -
de Nicéville, 1897
On new or little-known Butterflies from the Indo- and Austro-Malayan Regions J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 66 Pt.II (3) : 543-577, pl. 1-4
[PBSA]; Dickson & Kroon, 1978
Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa
Dyar, 1903
A List of North American Lepidoptera and Key to the Literature of this Order of Insects Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 1-723
Edwards, 1864
Descriptions of certain species of Diurnal Lepidoptera, found within the limits of the United States and British America. (No. 1-3) Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 2 (1): 14-22, pl. 1, 11 (1863), (2): 78-82 (1863), (4): 501-507 (1864)
Edwards, 1871
The Butterflies of North America. Vol. I Butts. N. Amer. 1: 218pp, 50pls
Edwards, 1883
The Butterflies of North America. Vol. II Butts N. Amer. 2: 357pp, 51pls
Edwards, 1870
Descriptions of new North American diurnal Lepidoptera Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 3 : 189-196
Esper, 1783
Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Theil I. Die Tagschmetterlinge. Fortsetzung. Band 2 Die Schmett. Th. I, Bd. 2 (1): 1-36, pl. 51-56 (1780), (2): 37-68, pl. 57-62 (1781), (3): 69-100, pl. 63-68 (1781), (4): 101-124, pl. 69-74 (1781), (5): 125-140, pl. 75-80 (1782), (7): 141-156, pl. 81-82 (1783), (8): 157-172, pl. 83-88 (1783), (9): 173-184, pl. 89-92 (1784), (28): 185-190, pl. 93 (1786)
Esper, 1805
Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Theil I. Die Tagschmetterlinge. Supplement Theil 2 Die Schmett., Th I, Suppl. Th. 2 (11): 1-24, pl. 117-122 (1805), (12): 25-48, pl. 123-126 [1830]
Fabricius, 1777
Genera Insectorum eorumque characters naturales secundum numerum, figuram, situm et proportionem ... Genera Insectorum : 1-310
Fabricius, 1807
Die neueste Gattungs-Eintheilung der Schmetterlinge aus den Linnéischen Gattungen Papilio und Sphinx Mag. f. Insektenk. 6 : 277-295
Fruhstorfer, 1908
Neue paläarktische Pieriden Ent. Zs. 22 (12) : 50-51 (20 June)
Godman & Salvin, [1889]; Godman & Salvin, [1901]
Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. (1887-1901) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 1-741 (?782), 3: pl. 1-112
Grum-Grshimailo, 1890
Le Pamir et sa faune lépidoptérologique in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 4 : 1-576, pl. A,1-21
Herrich-Schäffer, [1844]
Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa, zugleich als Text, Revision und Supplement zu J. Hübner's Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge, 1843 (-1855), Die Tagfalter Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europ. 1 (9): Title ("1843"), (1): [1-3], 4-16, (ii) pl. 1-5, f. 1-29 (1843), (2): 17-40, (ii) pl. 29-34, f. 131-156 (1843), (3): 41-56, (ii) pl. 6-12, f. 30-60, pl. 35-36, f. 157-164 (1844), (4): 57-80, (ii) pl. 13-22, f. 61-107 (1844), (5): 81-90, (ii) pl. 23-28, f. 108-130, pl. 37-41, f. 165-189 (1844), (6): 91-98, (ii) pl. 42-44, f. 190-203 (1844), (7): 99-114, (ii) pl. 45-52, f. 204-248 (1844), (9): 115-122 (1844), (10): 123-146, (ii) pl. 53-57, f. 249-274 (1845), (11): 147-162 (1845), (12): (iii) pl. 1-3, f. 1-17 (1845), (13): 163-164, (ii) pl. 58-65, f. 275-315 (1846), (14): (ii) pl. 66-70, f. 316-338, (iii) pl. 4-5, f. 18-30 (1846), (26): (ii) pl. 71-77, f. 339-376 (1847), (32): (ii) pl. 78-82, f. 377-400 (1848), (36): (ii) pl. 83-89, f. 401-426, (iii) pl. 6, f. 31-36 (1848), (37): (ii) pl. 90-91, f. 427-437 (1849), (43): (ii) pl. 92-94, f. 438-450, 452-453 (1850), (45): (ii) pl. 95-102, f. 453-489 (1850), (47): (ii) pl. 103, f. 490-495 (1851), (49): (ii) pl. 104-109, f. 496-528 (1851), (51): (ii) pl. 110-118, f. 529-570 (1851), (54): (ii) pl. 119-123, f. 571-596 (1852), (56): (ii) pl. 124-127, f. 597-618, pl. 130-132, f. 628-639, pl. 134, f. 646-651 (1852), (59): (ii) pl. 128-129, f. 619-627, pl. 133, f. 640-645 (1853), (65): (iii) pl. 7, f. 37-42, (index) [1], 2-20 (1854), (66): (index) 21-24 (1855)
[H&R]; Higgins & Riley, 1970
A Field Guide to the Butterflies of Britain and Europe
[NACL]; Hodges, 1983
Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico Check List Lep. Am. N of Mexico
Holland, 1995
Distribution of selected Anthocharis, Euchloe and Pontia in new Mexico, Texas, Chihuahua and Sonora J. Lep. Soc. 49 (2): 119-135
Huang & Murayama, 1992
Butterflies of Xinjiang province, China Tyô to Ga 43 (1) : 1-22
Hübner, [1799-1800]; Hübner, [1808-1813]; Hübner, [1836-1838]
Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge. I. Papiliones - Falter ("Erste Band") Samml. eur. Schmett. [1] : 3-74, : pl. 1-88, f. 1-446 (1799-1800), : pl. 89-96, f. 447-490 (1800-1803), : pl. 97-114, f. 491-588 (1803-1804), : pl. 115-119, f. 589-612 (1805), : pl. 120-124, f. 613-636 (1805-1806), : pl. 125-128, f. 637-652 (1806-1808), : pl. 129-144, f. 653-727 (1808-1813), : pl. 145-147, f. 728-741 (1814-1816), : pl. 148-150, f. 742-756 (1816-1817), : pl. 151, f. 757-762 (1818-1819), : pl. 152-154, f. 757-774 (1819-1822), : pl. 155, f. 775-778 (1822-1823), : pl. 156-161, f. 779-806 (1823), : pl. 162-175, f. 807-874 (1823-1824), : pl. 176, f. 869-874 (1824-1825), : pl. 177-181, f. 875-895 (1825-1826), : pl. 182-187, f. 896-981 (1827-1828), : pl. 188-195, f. 982-968 (1828-1832), : pl. 196, f. 969-974 (1832-1833), : pl. 197-201, f. 975-997 (1834-1836), : pl. 202-203, f. 998-1009 (1836-1838), : pl. 204-207, f. 1010-1029 (1837-1838)
Hübner, [1807]; Hübner, [1818]
Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge, Vol. 1 (1806 - [1819]) Samml. exot. Schmett. 1 : [1-4] (1807), : [5-12] (1807-1809), : [13-36] (1823-1824), : pl. [1-2], [5-8], [12], [15], [29], [47] (1806), : pl. [9], [11], [17], [21], [25-27], [32], [35], [43-44], [56], [60], [79], [102], [104], [116], [141], [148], [150-151], [155], [159], [200] (1807), : pl. [19], [39], [57], [73], [82], [114], [157], [167], [170], [173], [187] (1807), : pl. [3], [31], [37], [46], [54], [58], [62], [76], [84], [92], [95], [105], [112-113], [117], [137-138], [146], [154], [158], [180], [209] (1808), : pl. [16], [28], [65], [89], [142], [160], [162], [166], [182], [188], [193] (1809), : pl. [4], [22], [42], [53], [61], [88], [90], [97], [100], [107], [110], [118], [120], [140], [143], [149], [161], [171], [178], [184], [196], [202] (1809), : pl. [10], [18], [30], [41], [51], [80], [144], [172], [189] (1810), : pl. [36], [70], [87], [91], [101], [124], [129], [177], [183], [207], [210] (1811), : pl. [20], [38], [45], [55], [85], [98], [103], [108], [136], [139], [152-153], [156], [163], [179], [186], [190], [205-206] (1812), : pl. [13-14], [40], [48], [50], [67], [74], [86], [119], [121], [130], [135], [175-176], [197-199], [204], [212] (1813), : pl. [72], [75], [77-78], [83], [93], [109], [111], [115], [128], [131], [165], [174], [194] (1813), : pl. [24], [49], [52], [63-64], [66], [68-69], [71], [81], [123], [145], [181], [192] (1814), : pl. [126], [132-134], [168] (1815), : pl. [23], [96], [122], [125], [169], [195] (1816), : pl. [33], [99], [127], [187], [185], [213] (1817), : pl. [59], [106], [147], [164], [208], [211] (1818), : pl. [34], [94], [191], [201] (1819), : (Index Systematicus) [1-4] (1819 - April 1823)
Ingham, 1933
Two new California butterflies Pan-Pacific Ent. 9 (2) : 75-76
Johnson, 1977
A new subspecies of Pieris sisymbrii (Pieridae) from Western great plains relict forests J. Lep. Soc. 31 (13) : 167-172
Kardakoff, 1928
Zur Kenntnis der Lepidopteren des Ussuri-Gebietes Ent. Mitt. 17 (4): 261-273, (8): 414-425
Koçak, 1980
On the nomenclature of some genus- and species-group names of Lepidoptera Nota lepid. 2 (4) : 139-146
Korb & Bolshakov, 2011
[A catalogue of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilioformes) of the former USSR. Second edition, reformatted and updated] (in Russian) Eversmannia Suppl. 2 : 1-123
Krulikowsky, 1908
Einige neue Varietäten und Aberrationen der Lepidopteren des östlichen Russlands Soc. Ent. 23 (1): 2-3, (2): 11-12, (3): 18
Kudrna, 1974
An annotated List of Japanese Butterflies Atalanta 5 : 92-120
[NL4A]; Lamas, 2004
Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera
[BK]; Larsen, 1996
The Butterflies of Kenya and their natural history Butterflies of Kenya
[RFEL]; Leley, 2016
Annotated catalogue of the insects of Russian Far East. Volume II. Lepidoptera Cat. ins. Russian Far East. 2 : 1-812
[BOW]; Lewis, 1974
Butterflies of the World
Linnaeus, 1758
Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Clases, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Symonymis, Locis. Tomis I. 10th Edition Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 1-338, : 339-824
Linnaeus, 1764
Museum S'ae R'ae M'tis Ludovicae Ulricae Reginae Svecorum, Gothorum, Vandalorumque Mus. Lud. Ulr. : 1-720
Linnaeus, 1767
Systema Naturae per Regna tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, .... Editio Duocecima Reformata. Tom. 1. Part II. Syst. Nat. (Edn 12) 1 (2) : 533-1327, : Errata
McDunnough, 1928
Notes on Canadian diurnal Lepidoptera Can. ent. 60 (11) : 266-275
Moore, 1865
List of diurnal Lepidoptera collected by Capt. A.M. Lang in the N. W. Himalayas Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 (2) : 486-509, pl. 30-31
Moore, 1872
Descriptions of new Indian Lepidoptera Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1872 (2) : 555-583, pl. 32-34
Oberthür, 1881
Lépidoptères d'Algerie Étud. d'Ent. 6 : 45-96
Pelham, 2008
A catalogue of the butterflies of the United States and Canada J. Res. Lepid. 40 : 1-652
[NAB]; Pyle, 1981
Field Guide to North American Butterflies, National Audubon Society
[BOC]; Pyle, 2002
The Butterflies of Cascadia
Reakirt, 1866
Coloradian butteflies Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 6 (1) : 122-151
Rothschild, 1925
Critical List of the collection of Algerian Lepidoptera of the late Captain N. J. E. Holl. Novit. Zool. 32 : 195-229
[SPRK]; Seppänen, 1970
Suomen suurperhostoukkien ravintokasvit Animalia Fennica 14
Sharma, 2005
Life history of Pontia daplidice moorei (Röber) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) from Himachal Pradesh, India J. Lep. Soc. 59 (3) : 170-171
[EBW]; Smart, 1976
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World Illust. Encyp. Butt. World: -
Staudinger in Staudinger & Rebel, 1901
Catalog der Lepidopteren des palaearktischen Faunengebiets. I. Famil. Papilionidae - Hepialidae Cat. Lep. palaearct. Faunengeb. 1 : 1-411
Stephens, 1827
Illustrations of British Entomology; or, a synopsis of indigenous insects: containing their generic and specific distinctions; with an account of their metamorphoses, times of appearance, localities, food, and economy, as far as practicable Ill. Br. Ent. (Haustellata) 1 (1): 1-56, pl. 1-9 (1827), (2): 57-150, pl. 10-12 (1828)
[BMAT]; Tennent, 1996
The Butterflies of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia : 1-217
[BRU]; Tuzov, Bogdanov, Devyatkin, Kaabak, Korolev, Murzin, Samodurov, Tarasov, 1997
Guide to the Butterflies of Russia and adjacent territories: Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Satyridae Butts. Russia adj. terr. 1
Verity, 1908; Verity, 1911
Rhopalocera Palaearctica Iconographie et Description des Papillons diurnes de la région paléarctique. Papilionidae et Pieridae Rhopalocera Palaearctica (1): 1-16, pl. 2-3, (2): 17-24, pl. 6-7, (3): 25-36, pl. 1, 4, (4): 37-52, pl. 8, 12 (1906), (5-6): 53-68, pl. 9, 11, 13, 15, 21 (1906), (7-8): 69-84, pl. 10, 16, 18, 20, 22 (1907), (9-10): 85-100, pl. 14, 17, 19, 23 (1907), (11-12): 101-124, pl. 26, 41, 43-44 (1907), (13-14): 125-156, pl. 40, 42, 46 (1908), (15-16): 157-172, pl. 27-29, 34, 45 (1908), (17-20): 173-220, pl. 30-33, 47, 49 (1908), (1): (Ed. 2) 1-16 (1908), (21-23): 221-268, pl. 36-39 (1909), (24-25): 269-284, pl. 24, 35, 48 (1909), (26-29): 285-324, 361-367, pl. 52-54, 57-65, (Ed. 2) 1-7 (1911), (30-36): 325-360, pl. 25, pl. 50-51, 55-56,66-72 (1911)
Verity, 1929
Essai sur les origines des Rhopalocères Européens et Méditerranéens et particulièrement des Anthocharidi et des Lycaenidi du groupe d'Aagestis Schiff. Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 98 (3) : 323-360
Winhard, 2000
Pieridae I Butterflies of the world 10 : 1-40, pl. title,1-48,back
Wyatt, 1961
Additions to the Rhopalocera of Afghanistan with descriptions of new species and subspecies J. Lep. Soc. 15 (1) : 1-18, pl. 1-3
[BIR]; Wynter-Blyth, 1957
Butterflies of the Indian Region (1982 Reprint)
Yakovlev, 2012
Checklist of Butterflies (Papilionoidea) of the Mongolian Altai Mountains, including descriptions of new taxa Nota lepid. 35 (1) : 51-96
Grishin in Zhang, Cong, Shen, Opler & Grishin, 2021; Zhang, Cong, Shen, Opler & Grishin, 2021
Genomics-guided refinement of butterfly taxonomy Taxonomic Rep. 9 (3) : 1-55

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