Phoebis

Phoebis Hübner, [1819]

Phoebis Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (7): 98; TS: Phoebis cypris Hübner
Colias Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (7): 99 (preocc. Colias Fabricius, 1807); TS: Papilio sennae Linnaeus
Callidryas Boisduval & Le Conte, [1830]; Hist. Lép. Am. Sept. (7/8): 73; TS: Papilio eubule Linnaeus
- = Phoebis; [NL4A], 103
Metura Butler, 1873; Lepid. Exotica (19): 155 (preocc. Metura Walker, 1855); TS: Callidryas bracteolata Butler
- = Phoebis; [NL4A], 103
Parura Kirby, 1896; in Allen, Nat. Libr., Lepid. 1, Butts 2: 229 (repl. Metura Butler, 1873); TS: Callidryas bracteolata Butler
- = Phoebis; [NL4A], 103

Callidryas; Godman & Salvin, [1889], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 139; [NHM-BMW]
Parura; [NHM-BMW]
Phoebis; Godman & Salvin, [1889], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 142; Brown, 1929, Amer. Mus. Novit. 368: (1-22); Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world 10: 12; [P&N23]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]
Phoebis (Coliadinae); [NL4A], 103; [MC2]: 64, 28 (list)
Phoebis (Coliadini); Zhang, Cong, Shen, Opler & Grishin, 2021, Taxonomic Rep. 9 (3): 7

Phoebis argante (Fabricius, 1775)

Mexico - Peru, Antilles, Cuba. See [maps] Apricot Sulphur Argante Giant Sulphur

Papilio argante Fabricius, 1775; Syst. Ent.: 470; TL: Brasilia
?pallideflava Goeze
- = ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 8

Callidryas argante; Bates, 1861, J. Ent. 1 (4): 238
Phoebis argante; Godman & Salvin, [1889], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 144; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 8; [NACL], #4230; [Opler]; [NL4A], #66; [MPG] ; [P&N23]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA]
Phoenis argante; [EBW]; [NAB]; [BCR], 103

454x554 (~30Kb) ♂ Belize, Central America, Photo © John Shuey

P. a. argante Brazil, Uruguay

Papilio cipris Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 5, pl. 99, f. E, F; TL: "Surinam"
- = ; [NL4A], #66a
Papilio volcanica Perry, 1811; ; TL: "Rio de la Plata, Peru"
- = Phoebis argante; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 8
- = ; [NL4A], #66a
Phoebis cypris Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (7): 98 (emend. Papilio cipris Cramer, [1777])
- = ; [NL4A], #66a
Colias cnidia Godart, 1819; (repl. name); TL: "Surinam"
- = ; [NL4A], #66a
Papilio aurantia Larrañaga, 1923; ; TL: Uruguay
- = ; [NL4A], #66a

Phoebis (Phoebis) argante argante; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2) (3): 154
Phoebis argante argante; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world 10: 12, pl. 15, f. 3, 6; [NL4A], #66a; Benyamini, Ugarte, Shapiro, Mielke, Pyrcz & Bálint, 2014, Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Chile 63: 18 (list); [P&N23]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

P. a. larra (Fabricius, 1798)

Papilio larra Fabricius, 1798; ; TL: Guiana
Papilio hersilia Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): pl. 173, f. C, D (preocc. Fabricius, 1776); TL: Surinam
- = Phoebis argante; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 8
- = ; [NL4A], #66d
Papilio xanthe Sepp, [1847]; (preocc. Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775); TL: Surinam
- = Phoebis argante; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 8
- = ; [NL4A], #66d

Callidryas hersilia; Butler
Phoebis argante larra; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #66d; [MC2]: 64, 28 (list); [BOA]

P. a. minuscula (Butler, 1869) Cuba

Callidryas minuscula Butler, 1869; Cistula ent. 1 (1): 16; TL: Havannah
- = Phoebis argante; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 8
Callidryas fornax Butler, 1871; ; TL: "Chile"
- = ; [NL4A], #66f

Phoebis argante minuscula; [NL4A], #66f; [BOA]

P. a. rorata (Butler, 1869) Dominican Republic

Callidryas rorata Butler, 1869; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 4 (21): 202; TL: St. Domingo
f. adela Brown, 1929; ; TL: [Domnican Rep.]
- = ; [NL4A], #66g

Phoebis argante rorata; [NL4A], #66g; [BOA]
Phoebis rorata; [iNaturalist]

P. a. comstocki Avinoff, 1944 Jamaica

argante comstocki Avinoff, 1944; ; TL: Jamaica

Phoebis argante comstocki; [NL4A], #66c; [BOA]

P. a. martini Comstock, 1944 Puerto Rico

argante martini Comstock, 1944; ; TL: Puerto Rico

Phoebis argante martini; [NL4A], #66e; [BOA]

P. a. chincha Lamas, 1976 Peru

Phoebis argante chincha Lamas, 1976; ; TL: Peru, Lima, Cieneguila, 360m

Phoebis argante chincha; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #66b; Benyamini, Ugarte, Shapiro, Mielke, Pyrcz & Bálint, 2014, Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Chile 63: 18 (list); [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

ssp. Mexico

Phoebis ; Lamas, MS
Phoebis argante ssp.; [NL4A], #66h

Phoebis agarithe (Boisduval, [1836])

Venezuela, Colombia. See [maps] Orange Giant Sulphur

Callidryas agarithe Boisduval, [1836]; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 623 [?625]; TL: Mexique

Phoebis agarithe; Godman & Salvin, [1889], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 145; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 726; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 8; [EBW]; [BCR], 103; [NACL], #4231; [BOW]: pl. 17, f. 35; [NAB]; [Opler]; [NL4A], #65; [MPG] ; [P&N23]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA]

418x483 (~24Kb) ♂ Belize, Central America, Photo © John Shuey

P. a. agarithe Texas, Mexico

agarithe maxima f. albarithe Brown, 1929; (female); TL: Mexico, Veracruz
- = ; [NL4A], #65a

Phoebis agarithe agarithe; [NL4A], #65a; [MC2]: 64, 28 (list); [P&N23]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

P. a. fisheri (H. Edwards, 1883) Baja California

agarithe fisheri (H. Edwards, 1883) (Callidryas); ; TL: Mexico, Baja California Sur

Phoebis agarithe fisheri; [NL4A], #65c; [P&N23]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

P. a. maxima (Neumoegen, 1891) Florida

agarithe maxima (Neumoegen, 1891) (Catopsilia); ; TL: Florida
Catopsilia arganie floridiensis Röber, 1909; (preocc. Neumoegen, 1891); TL: Florida
- = ; [NL4A], #65d

Phoebis agarithe maxima; [NACL], #4231a; [NL4A], #65d; [P&N23]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

P. a. antillia Brown, 1929 Haiti

agarithe antillia Brown, 1929; ; TL: Haiti

Phoebis agarithe antillia; [NL4A], #65b; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

P. a. pupillata Dillon, 1947 Dominica

agarithe pupillata Dillon, 1947; ; TL: Dominica

Phoebis agarithe pupillata; [NL4A], #65e; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

P. a. tumbesina Lamas, 1981 Peru

Phoebis agarithe tumbesina Lamas, 1981; ; TL: Tumbes, Matapalo, La Totora 100m

Phoebis agarithe tumbesina; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #65f; [BOA]

Phoebis avellaneda (Herrich-Schäffer, 1865)

Cuba. See [maps] Red-splashed Sulphur

Callidryas avellaneda Herrich-Schäffer, 1865; ; TL: Cuba
Callidryas solstitia Butler, 1869; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 4 (21): 203; TL: "Chile"
- = ; [NL4A], #67
Phoebis avellandea salvatori Calzadilla, 1973; ; TL: Cuba
- = ; [NL4A], #67

Phoebis avellaneda; [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 52, f. 19; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world 10: 12, pl. 14, f. 8-9; [NL4A], #67; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

Phoebis bourkei (Dixey, 1933)

Ecuador. See [maps]

Catopsilia bourkei Dixey, 1933; Ent. Mon. Mag. 69: 100; TL: Coast region of Ecuador
Phoebis tatei Brown, 1933; ; TL: Ecuador, Guayaquil
- = ; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #68

Phoebis bourkei; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #68; [CoL] ; [BOA]

Phoebis editha (Butler, 1870) Haiti

Callidryas editha Butler, 1870; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1870 (1): (9-12)

Phoebis editha; Coutsis, 1986, J. Lep. Soc. 40 (2): 97-106, f. 1-2 (m.gen), 3 (f.gen); [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 52, f. 21; [NL4A], #69; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

Phoebis neocypris (Hübner, [1823])

-. See [maps]

Colias neocypris Hübner, [1823]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 2: pl. [136]

Phoebis (Phoebis) neocypris; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2) (3): 154
Phoebis neocypris; [NACL], #4232; [Opler]; [NL4A], #70; [MPG] ; [P&N23]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA]

P. n. neocypris Brazil

Papilio cipris Fabricius, 1793; (preocc. Cramer, 1777)
- = ; [NL4A], #70a
Callidryas bracteolata Butler, 1865; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 (2): 458, pl. 26, f. 6; TL: Brazil
- = ; [NL4A], #70a
Callidryas irrigata Butler, 1870; ; TL: Brazil, São Paulo
- = ; [NL4A], #70a

Phoebis cipris; [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 52, f. 17
Phoebis neocypris bracteolata; [NACL], #4232a
Phoebis neocypris neocypris; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world 10: 12, pl. 15, f. 10; [NL4A], #70a; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

P. n. rurina C. & R. Felder, 1861 Mexico - Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador

Callidryas rurina C. & R. Felder, 1861; Wien. ent. Monats. 5 (3): 82; TL: Venezuela, Cordillerae bogotanae
Callidryas bogotana Herrich-Schäffer, 1867; (nom. nud.); TL: [Colombia]
- = ; [NL4A], #70b
Catopsilia rurina ab. peruvicola Strand, 1912; Archiv Naturg. 78 A (9): 186; TL: Peru
- = ; [NL4A], #70b
Catopsilia rurina ab. impurpurissata Niepelt, 1914; ; TL: Ecuador
- = ; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #70b
Catopsilia neocypris peruviana Martin, [1923]; (nom. nud.); TL: Peru
- = ; [NL4A], #70b

Phoebis neocypris rurina; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world 10: 12, pl. 15, f. 11; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #70b; [MC2]: 65, 28 (list); [P&N23]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Phoebis rurina; Godman & Salvin, [1889], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 143; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 726; [EBW]; [BCR], 102; [BOW]: pl. 53, f. 3

P. n. virgo (Butler, 1870) Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica

Callidryas virgo Butler, 1870; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1870 (1): 9; TL: Mexico, Oaxaca; Guatemala; "Bolivia"
Callidryas intermedia Butler, 1872; Cistula ent. 1: 81; TL: Costa Rica
- = ; [Opler]; [NL4A], #70c
intermedia f. rubrofasciata Vázquez, 1952; ; TL: Mexico(México)
- = ; [NL4A], #70c

Phoebis neocypris virgo; [NL4A], #70c; [P&N23]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

ssp. French Guiana

Phoebis ; Brévignon, MS
Phoebis neocypris ssp.; [NL4A], #70d

Phoebis philea (Linnaeus, 1763)

Cuba, CA - Brazil. See [maps] Yellow Apricot Orange-barred Giant Sulphur

Papilio philea Linnaeus, 1763; Amoenitates Acad. 6: 404; TL: "Indiis" [North, Central & South America]

Callidryas philea; Godman & Salvin, [1889], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 140; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 726; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 7
Phoebis philea; [NACL], #4229; [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 53, f. 1, 2; [EcuL]; [NAB]; [Opler]; [NL4A], #71; [MPG] ; [P&N23]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA] ; [GALEPS]

P. p. philea mainland (CA - Brazil)

Papilio aricye Cramer, [1776]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (8): pl. 94, f. A, B; TL: Surinam
- = ; [NL4A], #71a
Papilio melanippe Stoll, [1781]; in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (29-31): pl. 361, f. E, F (spring f.); TL: Surinam
- = ; [NL4A], #71a
Colias lollia Godart, 1819; ; TL: ?
- = ; [NL4A], #71a
Colias aricia Godart, 1819; (emend.)
- = ; [NL4A], #71a
Colias corday Hübner, [1819]; (repl. name); TL: "Indis"
- = ; [NL4A], #71a
var. obsolota (Niepelt, 1920) (Catopsilia); ; TL: Costa Rica
- = ; [NL4A], #71a
ab. irma (Krüger, 1929) (Catopsilia); ; TL: Peru
- = ; [NL4A], #71a
ab. inornata Dufrane, 1947; ; TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro
- = ; [NL4A], #71a
f. androchroma Bryk, 1953; ; TL: Peru
- = ; [NL4A], #71a

Phoebis (Phoebis) philea philea; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2) (3): 155
Phoebis philea philea; [BCR], 103; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world 10: 12, pl. 15, f. 1-2, 5; [NL4A], #71a; [MC2]: 65, 28 (list); [P&N23]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

P. p. huebneri Fruhstorfer, 1907 Cuba

Phoebus[sic] philea hübneri Fruhstorfer, 1907; Stettin ent. Ztg 68 (2): 286; TL: [Cuba]

Phoebis philea huebneri; [NL4A], #71b; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world 10: 12, pl. 15, f. 4; [BOA]
Phoebis thalestris; [iNaturalist]

Misidentified/misapplied:

thalestris Illiger, 1801; Hübner, [1823]

P. p. thalestris (Illiger, 1801) Hispaniola

philea thalestris (Illiger, 1801) (Papilio); ; TL: Dominican Rep.

Phoebis philea thalestris; [NL4A], #71c; [BOA]

Phoebis sennae (Linnaeus, 1758)

-. See [maps] Cloudless Giant Sulphur

Papilio sennae Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 470; TL: "Habitat in Cassia Americas" [?Jamaica or Surinam]

Phoebis sennae; [NACL], #4228; Coutsis, 1986, J. Lep. Soc. 40 (2): 97-106, f. 4-5 (m.gen), 6 (f.gen); [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 53, f. 4; [NAB]; [BCR], 103; [Opler]; [NL4A], #72; [MPG] ; [P&N23]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA] ; [GALEPS]

Misidentified/misapplied:

Phoebis sennae (= Phoebis sennae marcellina); Linsley & Usinger, 1966, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (4) 33: 156
Phoebis sennae (= Phoebis sennae marcellina); Parkin, Parkin, Ewing & Ford, 1972, Pan-Pacific Ent. 48 (2): 103

844x1131 (~144Kb) underside USA: Alabama, 27.3.2004, Photo © Vitaly Charny	1500x1143 (~202Kb) underside USA: Alabama, 17.9.2004, Photo © Vitaly Charny	1000x1311 (~258Kb) underside USA: Alabama, 23.9.2004, Photo © Vitaly Charny
1600x1063 (~166Kb) underside USA: Alabama, 24.10.2004, Photo © Vitaly Charny	1400x1050 (~247Kb) underside USA: Alabama, 25.9.2005, Photo © Vitaly Charny	1600x1063 (~143Kb) underside USA: Alabama, 30.9.2006, Photo © Vitaly Charny
1600x1063 (~176Kb) underside USA: Alabama, 29.10.2006, Photo © Vitaly Charny	1600x1063 (~199Kb) underside USA: Alabama, 13.4.2007, Photo © Vitaly Charny	500x651 (~63Kb) Plate No. 58 © MERIAN

P. s. sennae Jamaica, South Carolina, , Kansas, Virginia, Florida, Cuba

Papilio eubule Linnaeus, 1767; Syst. Nat. (Edn 12) 1 (2): 764; TL: South Carolina
- = ; [NL4A], #72a
Papilio drya Fabricius, 1775; Syst. Ent.: 478 (spring f.); TL: America
- = ; [NL4A], #72a
Callidryas sennae pallida Cockerell, 1889; ; TL: USA
- = ; [NL4A], #72a
Catopsilia eubule ab. lichas d'Almeida, 1922; ; TL: Virginia; Florida
- = ; [NL4A], #72a
Phoebis eubule sennae f. sennalba Brown, 1929; ; TL: Cuba
- = ; [NL4A], #72a
Phoebis eubule eubule f. browni Field, 1936; ; TL: Kansas
- = ; [NL4A], #72a

Callidryas eubule; Godman & Salvin, [1889], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 141; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52: 8
Phoebis (Phoebis) sennae sennae; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2) (3): 155
Phoebis sennae eubule; [NACL], #4228a; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world 10: 12, pl. 15, f. 7; [P&N23]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Phoebis sennae sennae; [NL4A], #72a; [P&N23]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Phoebus eubule; [BOW]: pl. 52, f. 18

Misidentified/misapplied:

Callidryas eubule (= Phoebis sennae marcellina); Holland, 1889, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 12: 195
Callidryas eubule (= Phoebis sennae marcellina); Williams, 1911, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 296
Callidryas eubule (= Phoebis sennae marcellina); Beebe, 1923, Zoologica 5 (3): 55
Catopsila eubule (= Phoebis sennae marcellina); Van Duzee, 1933, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 21 (12): 140

P. s. marcellina (Cramer, [1779]) Mexico - Uruguay, Galapagos, Surinam, Honduras, Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Peru

Papilio marcellina Cramer, [1779]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): 103, [?]pl. 141, f. C; TL: Surinam
Papilio hyperici Sepp, [1832]; ; TL: Surinam
- = ; [NL4A], #72c
Callidryas rhadia Boisduval, 1836; ; TL: "Senegal, Île Maurice"
- = ; [NL4A], #72c
Callidryas yamana Reakirt, 1863; Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 2 (3): 352; TL: Honduras
- = ; [NL4A], #72c
Callidryas eubule schausi Oberthür, 1912; ; TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro
- = ; [NL4A], #72c
Catopsilia eubule f. fugax d'Almeida, 1922; ; TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro
- = ; [NL4A], #72c
Catopsilia eubule f. giacomellii Köhler, 1923; ; TL: Argentina
- = ; [NL4A], #72c
ab. albescens Dufrane, 1947; ; TL: Brazil
- = ; [NL4A], #72c
ab. minor Dufrane, 1947; ; TL: [Bolivia]
- = ; [NL4A], #72c
sennae drya ab. major Dufrane, 1947; ; TL: [Peru]
- = ; [NL4A], #72c

Phoebis marcellina; [iNaturalist]
Phoebis sennae marcellina; [NACL], #4228b; Moreno, Silva del Pozo, Estevez, Marggraff & Margraff, 1997, Mariposas del Ecuador: 146; [EcuL]; Roque-Albelo, 2004, J. Lep. Soc. 58 (1): 36, f. 7-8; [NL4A], #72c; [MC2]: 65, 28 (list); [P&N23]; [BOA]

P. s. amphitrite (Feisthamel, 1839) Chile

Callydrias[sic] sennae amphitrite Feisthamel, 1839; ; TL: Chile
Callidryas chilensis Herrich-Schäffer, 1867; (nom. nud.); TL: [Chile]
- = ; [NL4A], #72b

Phoebis sennae amphitrite; [NL4A], #72b; Benyamini, Ugarte, Shapiro, Mielke, Pyrcz & Bálint, 2014, Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Chile 63: 18 (list); [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]

References:

[BAMONA] Opler, Pavulaan, Stanford & Pogue
Butterflies and Moths of North America; Mountain Prairie Information Node
[BCA] electronic
BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA
[BOA] Interactive Listing of American Butterflies
Listado Interactivo de la Mariposas Americanas; Butterflies of America
[CoL] Catalogue of Life
Bánki, O., Roskov, Y., Döring, M., Ower, G., Hernández Robles, D. R., Plata Corredor, C. A., Stjernegaard Jeppesen, T., Örn, A., Vandepitte, L., Hobern, D., Schalk, P., DeWalt, R. E., Ma, K., Miller, J., Orrell, T., Aalbu, R., Abbott, J., Adlard, R., Aedo, C., et al. (2024). Catalogue of Life Checklist (Version 2024-03-26); https://doi.org/10.48580/dfz8d
[GALEPS] Moths and Butterflies of Georgia and the Southeastern United States
James K. Adams; Dept. of Natural Science, Dalton State College, Dalton, GA ; http://www.daltonstate.edu/galeps/index.htm
[HBN] Francis Hemming, 1937
HÜBNER, A bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, Vol 1 & 2
[JLS]
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society; the original J. Lep. Soc. articles
[John Shuey]
e-mail: jshuey at tnc.org; Director of Conservation Science; Indiana Office of The Nature Conservancy; http://www.nature.org
[LAMAS-2005] Gerardo Lamas
Entomofauna 26 (6): 57-100; A Bibliography of the Zoological Publications of Hans Fruhstorfer (1886* - 1922+)
[LAMAS-NEO] Gerardo Lamas
Bibliography of butterflies; An Annocated Bibliography of the Neotropical Butterflies and Skipper (Lepididoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea); Revised Electronic Edition (2007)
[LEPIFORUM]
Lepiforum; Bestimmung von Schmetterlingen (Lepidoptera) und ihren Präimaginalstadien
[MERIAN] Merian, M. S., 1705
Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium. Of te verandering der Surinaamsche insecten. Waar in de Surinaamsche rupsen en wormen met alle des zelfs veranderingen, na het leven afgebeeld en beschreeven worden, zynde elk geplaast op die gewassen, bloemen en vruchten, daar sy op gevonden zyn; waar in ook de generatie der kirkvorschen, wonderbaare padden, hagedissen, slangen, spinnen en mieren werden vertoond en beschreeven, alles in America na het leven en levensgroote geschildert en beschreeven; pp. 1-60, pl. 1-60; Image from Francisco Welter-Schultes
[MPG]
North American Moth Photographers Group
[NHM-BMW] Natural History Museum
Butterflies and Moths of the World; Generic Names and their Type-species
[Opler] Opler & Warren, 2003
Butterflies of North America. 2. Scientific Names List for Butterfly Species of North America, north of Mexico.
[P&N23] Pohl & Nanz, 2023
Annotated Taxonomic Checklist of the Lepidoptera of North America, north of Mexico
[Vitaly Charny]
Birmingham, Alabama, USA
[iNaturalist]
iNaturalist
[maps]
Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

Some related literature:

Bates, 1861
Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. Lepidoptera-Papilionide J. Ent. 1 (4) : 218-245 (1861)
Beebe, 1923
Notes on Galápagos Lepidoptera Zoologica 5 (3) : 51-59
Benyamini, Ugarte, Shapiro, Mielke, Pyrcz & Bálint, 2014
An updated list of the butterflies of Chile (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) including distribution, flight period and conservation status. Part I, Comprising the families: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nympalidae (in part) and Hesperiidae. Describing a new species of Hypsochila (Pieridae) and a new subspecies of Yramea modesta (Nymphalidae) Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Chile 63 : 9-31
Boisduval, [1836]
Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Species Général des Lépidoptéres. Tome Premier Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1 : 1-690, pl. 1-24
Boisduval & Le Conte, [1830]
Histoire générale et iconographie des lépidoptères et des chenilles de l'Amérique septentrionale Hist. Lép. Am. Sept. (1): 1-16. pl. 1-3 (1829), (2): 17-24, pl. 4-6 (1829), (3/4): 25-40, pl. 7-12 ([1830]), (5/6): 41-56, pl. 13-18 ([1830]), (7/8): 57-80, pl. 19-24 ([1830]), (9/10): 81-100, pl. 25-30 (1833), (11-22): 101-196, pl. 31-65 ([1835]), (23-26): 197-228, pl. 66-78 ([1837])
Brown, 1929
A revision of the genus Phoebis (Lepidoptera) Amer. Mus. Novit. 368: 1-22
Brown & Mielke, 1967
Lepidoptera of the Central Brazil Plateau. I. Preliminary list of Rhopalocera J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2) (2): 77-106, (3): 145-168
Butler, 1865
Description of six new species of exotic butterflies in the collection of the British Museum Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 (2) : 455-459, pl. 26
Butler, 1869
Descriptions of New Rhopalocera from the Collection of Herbert Druce Esq. Cistula ent. 1 (1) : 1-16
Butler, 1873
Lepidoptera Exotica, or descriptions and illustrations of exotic Lepidoptera Lepid. Exotica (1): 1-8, pl. 1-3 (1869), (2): 9-16, pl. 4-6 (1869), (3): 17-24, pl. 7-9 (1869), (4): 25-32, pl. 10-12 (1870), (5): 33-42, pl. 13-15 (1870), (6): 43-50, pl. 16-19 (1870), (7): 51-58, pl. 20-22 (1870), (8): 59-66, pl. 23-25 (1871), (9): 67-74, pl. 26-28 (1871), (10): 75-84, pl. 29-32 (1871), (11): 85-94, pl. 33-35 (1872), (12): 95-104, pl. 36-38 (1872), (13): 105-114, pl. 39-41 (1872), (14): [115],[116],117-120, pl. 42-44 (1872), (15): 121-128, pl. 45-48 (1873), (17): 137-144, pl. 49-51 (1873), (18): 145-152, pl. 52-54 (1873), (19): 153-162, pl. 55-57 (1873), (20): 163-174, pl. 58-60 (1874), (21): 175-190, pl. 61-64 (1874)
Butler, 1869
Descriptions of three new Species of Callidryas Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 4 (21) : 202-203
Butler, 1870
Descriptions of six new species of Callidryas Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1870 (1) : 9-12
Butler, 1872
Descriptions of new Butterflies from Costa Rica Cistula ent. 1 : 72-90
Coutsis, 1986
Male and female genitalia of Phoebis editha (Butler): how they differ from Hispaniolan P. sennae (Linnaeus) J. Lep. Soc. 40 (2): 97-106
Cramer, [1776]
Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 1-132, pl. 1-84 (1775), (8): 133-155, pl. 85-96 (1776)
Cramer, [1777]
Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 1-152, pl. 97-192 (1777)
Cramer, [1779]
Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): 1-104, pl. 193-252 (1779), (22): 105-128, pl. 253-264 ([1780]), (23-24): 129-176, pl. 265-288 (1780)
Van Duzee, 1933
The Templeton Crocker Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences, 1932. No. 12. The Diurnal Lepidoptera of the Expedition Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 21 (12) : 139-146
Dyar, 1903
A List of North American Lepidoptera and Key to the Literature of this Order of Insects Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 1-723
Fabricius, 1775
Systema Entomologiae, sistens Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Descriptionibus, Observationibus Syst. Ent. : 1-832
C. & R. Felder, 1861
Lepidoptera nova Columbiae Wien. ent. Monats. 5 (3): 72-87, (4): 97-111
Fruhstorfer, 1907
Verzeichniss der von Herrn Dr. Theodor Koch-Grünberg am oberen Waupes 1903-1905 gesammelten Rhopaloceren mit Besprechung verwandter Arten Stettin ent. Ztg 68 (1): 117-164 (May), (2): 207-309, pl. 1 (July)
Godman & Salvin, [1889]; Godman & Salvin, [1901]
Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. (1887-1901) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 1-741 (?782), 3: pl. 1-112
[NACL]; Hodges, 1983
Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico Check List Lep. Am. N of Mexico
Holland, 1889
In Howard, Scientific results of explorations by the U.S. fish commission steamer Albatross. No. V. Annotated catalogue of the insects collected in 1877-'88 Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 12 : 185-216
Hübner, [1823]
Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge, Vol. 2 ([1819] - [1827]) Samml. exot. Schmett. 2 : pl. [90], [180], [223] (1819), : pl. [2], [12], [16], [78], [141], [182] (1820), : pl. [11], [13], [24], [77], [83], [97], [102-103], [108-109], [116-117], [122], [147], [150], [164], [183], [195], [197], [212-214] (1821), : pl. [14], [18-19], [26], [38-39], [43], [68], [70-71], [74], [84], [86], [92], [94-95], [106], [114], [121], [161], [169], [174], [177-178], [184], [194], [200], [204-205], [207-208], [210] (1821), : pl. [33], [72], [76], [115], [131], [138-139], [153], [198], [211], [218], [220] (1822), : pl. [32], [75], [81], [93], [105], [129] (1822), : pl. [1], [6], [22-23], [25], [27], [29-31], [34-37], [40-42], [48], [50-53], [56], [58-59], [64-66], [69], [73], [87], [89], [91], [96], [98-101], [110], [124], [128], [130], [132-137], [142], [155-158], [160], [162-163], [165-167], [170-173], [175-176], [187-188], [196], [199], [201-202], [206], [215-216], [219], [222], [224] (1823), : pl. [54], [118], [143], [149], [159] [179], [181], [185], [203], [217] (1824), : pl. [3-5], [8-10], [15], [20], [45], [49], [55], [60], [62-63], [67], [79-80], [88], [104], [111-113], [120], [125], [127], [140], [144-146], [148], [151-152], [154], [168], [189-193], [221], [225] (1825), : pl. [7], [17], [21], [28], [44], [46-47], [57], [61], [82], [123], [126] (1826), : pl. [85], [119], [186], [209] (1827), : (Index Systematicus) [1-4] (1827-1832)
Hübner, [1819]
Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge, 1816-[1826] Verz. bek. Schmett. (1): [1-3], 4-16 (1816), (2): 17-32 (1819), (3): 33-48 (1819), (4): 49-64 (1819), (5): 65-80 (1819), (6): 81-96 (1819), (7): 97-112 (1819), (8): 113-128 (1819), (9): 129-144 (1819), (10): 145-160 (1819), (11): 161-176 (1819), (12): 177-192 (1820), (13): 193-208 (1820), (14): 209-224 (1821), (15): 225-240 (1821), (16): 241-256 (1821), (17): 257-272 (1823), (18): 273-288 (1823), (19): 289-304 (1823), (20): 305-320 (1825), (21): 321-336 (1825), (22): 337-352 (1825), (23-27): 353-431 ([1825])
[NL4A]; Lamas, 2004
Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera
[MC2]; Le Crom, Llorente, Constantino & Salazar, 2004
Mariposas de Colombia. Tomo 2: Pieridae Mariposas Colombia 2
[BOW]; Lewis, 1974
Butterflies of the World
Linnaeus, 1758
Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Clases, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Symonymis, Locis. Tomis I. 10th Edition Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 1-338, : 339-824
Linnaeus, 1763
in Johansson (Thesis), Centuria Insectorum Amoenitates Acad. 6 : 384-415
Linnaeus, 1767
Systema Naturae per Regna tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, .... Editio Duocecima Reformata. Tom. 1. Part II. Syst. Nat. (Edn 12) 1 (2) : 533-1327, : Errata
Linsley & Usinger, 1966
Insects of Galápagos islands Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (4) 33: 113-196
Parkin, Parkin, Ewing & Ford, 1972
A report on the arthropods collected by the Edinburgh University Galápagos Islands Expedition, 1968 Pan-Pacific Ent. 48 (2) : 100-107
[NAB]; Pyle, 1981
Field Guide to North American Butterflies, National Audubon Society
[EcuL]; Racheli & Racheli, 2001
An annotated list of Ecuadorian Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae) Frag. ent. 33 (2) : 213-380
Reakirt, 1863
Notes on Central American Lepidoptera, with descriptions of new species Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 2 (2): 135-142 (1863), (3): 345-360 (1864)
Roque-Albelo, 2004
The butterflies (Papilionoidea, Hesperoidea) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador: distribution, hostplants and biology J. Lep. Soc. 58 (1) : 33-43
[EBW]; Smart, 1976
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World Illust. Encyp. Butt. World: -
Stoll, [1781]
Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (26b-28): 29-90, pl. 305-336 (1780), (29-31): 91-164, pl. 337-372 (1781), (32-32): 165-252, 1-29, pl. 373-400 (1782)
Strand, 1912
Über einige exotische Lepidoptera aus der Sammlung des Herrn W. Niepelt in Zirlau Archiv Naturg. 78 A (9) : 178-186
[BCR]; DeVries, 1987
Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae The Butterflies of Costa Rica 1
Williams, 1911
Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Galápagos Islands, 1905-1906. II. The butterflies and hawk-moths of the Galápagos Islands Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 289-322
Winhard, 2000
Pieridae I Butterflies of the world 10 : 1-40, pl. title,1-48,back
Zhang, Cong, Shen, Opler & Grishin, 2021
Genomics-guided refinement of butterfly taxonomy Taxonomic Rep. 9 (3) : 1-55

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